降巴达孜城的初始形式与演变

The Initial Form of the Phying-Ba-sTag-rTse Palace

降巴达孜是一座有着上千年历史的宫殿,是吐蕃早期历代赞普的王宫所在地和政治中心,即松赞干布迁都拉萨之前的吐蕃政治中心。降巴达孜宫殿代表着藏族文化本源论下举足轻重的文化意义和文明象征。从现存藏文文献中有关降巴达孜城的记载来看,不仅对其雏型和名称的说法不一,而且对于降巴达孜宫殿乃吐蕃第一个宫殿的看法也是众说纷云,未形成统一的观点。近年来,考古学家对降巴达孜城做了一些调查,并从中获得了一些新的信息和资料。文章以汉、藏文献史料为依据,结合考古研究成果,运用文献对比的研究方法,论述了藏文文献中对降巴达孜宫殿雏形和对其称谓的不同记载,对降巴达孜宫殿建造时间和宫殿雏形提出自己的见解;通过分析降巴达孜宫殿扩建为石堡宫殿的各种因素,得出了降巴达孜城最初于聂赤赞普时期以帐篷形式修(搭)建,布岱贡杰赞普时期扩建为石堡宫殿的结论,且梳理出降巴达孜由帐篷形式转向石堡宫殿建筑的演变过程,并探讨了降巴达孜宫殿名称的由来;从降巴达孜为何由帐篷形式转向石堡宫殿建筑的演变这一问题入手,探究降巴达孜城在中华文化发展史上的历史地位和在藏族文化发展过程中的具体表现,以及降巴达孜宫殿建筑对后来的吐蕃达官贵族的住宅建筑的影响。同时,围绕文章主题探讨了降巴达孜宫殿精美的外观和庄严的建筑风格,其不仅对吐蕃时期的经济、政治、文化产生了深远的影响,还对周边其他民族的建筑文化颇有影响。

The Phying-Ba-sTag-rTse Palace represents the pivotal cultural significance and civilization symbol under the theory of Tibetan cultural origin.According to the records of the Phying-Ba-sTag-rTse Palace in Tibetan literature,there are not only different opinions on its prototype and name,but also different opinions on the view that the Phying-Ba-sTag-rTse Palace is the first palace during Tubo.This paper first discusses the different records of the prototype and appellation of the Phying-Ba-sTag-rTse Palace in Tibetan literature by using the research method of literature comparison.It also puts forward its own opinions on the construction time and prototype of the Phying-Ba-sTag-rTse e Palace.Secondly,through the analysis of various factors affecting the expansion of the Phying-Ba-sTag-rTse Palace into the stone castle palace,it is concluded that the PPhying-Ba-sTag-rTse Palace was originally built in the form of tents during gNya’-Khri-bTsan-Po period,and expanded into the stone castle palace in the Pu-De-Gung-rGyal bTsan-Po period,and the evolution of the Phying-Ba-sTag-rTse from the form of tents to the construction of the stone castle palace is combed.In addition,the origin of the name of the Phying-Ba-sTag-rTse Palace was also discussed by using the literature comparison method.Finally,combined with the evolution of Phying-Ba-sTag-rTse from tent form to castle palace architecture.