系足字“Wa btags”的渊源及其功能

On the Sources and Functions of Tibetan Wa-bTags

文献记载中关于系足字Wa btags的功能与数量有一些探讨,但众说纷纭,甚至出现几种不同称谓。由于大量记载早期历史的石碑铭文或具有重要文献价值和佐证意义的敦煌古藏文写本中未见现在的字形,有学者提出Wa btags并非吞弥桑布扎创制,亦有学者用语言学的方法研究发音演变,可未能详解“■”符号的根本渊源。针对这一问题,文章依据所能查阅到的文献所载,质疑吞弥桑布扎八大经典著作是否有详解系足字Wa btags,运用历史比较语言学关于语言变迁和文献分析法,基于“■”字最初“■”下加“■”并标注“”而成的说法,对不同历代文献当中出现的字体进行分析,提出大概十一世纪后期上体渐变“■”字形、下体为避免混淆其他字写成如今的字形和“■”符号是由下体借鉴而来,Wa btags与Wa是密切相关的,而Wa与ba之间又有关联,可以将其渊源分为五种。此外,还阐述了语法意义和实用价值,从而发现系足字Wa btags不仅仅具有读义,避免混淆字、词、意的语法功能,而且也具有一定的读音。对于理解语言和文字的演变过程具有极其重要启示意义和更深的认识。

There are some discussions on the function and quantity of Tibetan Wa-bTags in historical documents,but there are different disputes.At present,there are several different terms.Due to a large number of stone tablets and inscriptions recording historical events or Dunhuang Ancient Tibetan historical files with historical value and supporting significance that do not see the current font,the academic community has proposed that Wa-bTags are not created by Master Thon-Mi-Sam-bho-Ta at his time.Some scholars use linguistic methods to study the evolution of pronunciation,which tends to be consistent,but they can not explain the fundamental origin of the symbol“■”.Based on the available literature,one may feel suspicious that if the Tibetan characters with Wa-bTags were ever related to the eight great works by the great master Thon-Mi.Using philological methods and research means to explore the relation between and origin of“■”with Wa-bTags are explained in the following ways:“■”was created asབwas added belowའand“■”was added at the head ofའ,thus after many changes,“■”was finally set.In its suspending tradition,characters with“■”appeared afterwards.This symbol is borrowed from the lower body.Wa-bTags and Wa are closely related,and Wa and Ba are related,can be divided into five sources.So as to find that the word“word”not only has the grammatical function of reading meaning and avoiding confusing words,words and meaning,but also has the third sound of‘a or Ba discussed here a bit.The research on this point can understand the evolution of language and characters to a certain extent.