出口的就业与碳排放效应是否平衡?——基于价值链分工视角的研究

Are the Employment and Carbon Emission Effects of China's Exports Balanced?--Research Based on the Perspective of Division of Labor in the Value Chain

出口在推动经济增长、创造就业的同时,也对中国生态环境造成了一定影响.如何衡量其对不同领域贡献的相对大小,以更好地解决发展不平衡问题成为重要议题.本文采用社会—环境拓展的多区域投入产出模型,基于价值链分工视角分析2012—2016年间出口对中国省区的就业与碳排放效应,并探究出口对各省就业与碳排放相对贡献的不平衡性.研究发现:特定的价值链参与方式决定着出口对中国省区碳排放的贡献率显著高于就业.时间上,这种不平衡呈扩大态势;空间上,这种不平衡在中西部省区更为突出.因此,提升出口的社会效益,降低对环境的不利影响,需要发挥区域比较优势,加快区域价值链分工参与方式的优化和转型.

While promoting economic growth and creating employment,China’s exports also have impacts on its domestic ecological environment.How to measure the relative contribution of exports to different fields,so that the unbalanced development could be mitigated,has become an important issue.This study adopts the socially-and environmentally-extended multi-regional input-output model to analyze the employment and CO_(2)emission effects of exports on Chinese provinces in 2012-2016,from the perspective of the division of labor in value chain,based on which,the imbalance in the relative contribution of exports to Chinese provincial employment and CO_(2)emissions is further explored.Results show that the mode in participating value chain determines that the contribution rate of exports to CO_(2)emissions is significantly higher than that of employment.Temporally,the imbalance has been broadened between 2012 and 2016.Spatially,the imbalance is more significant in the central and western provinces.Therefore,to improve the social benefits of exports while reducing its adverse impact on the environment,it is necessary to give play to regional comparative advantages to accelerate the optimization and transformation of Chinese provinces’participation mode in the value chain.