59种农药表面活性剂对5种环境非靶标有益生物的急性毒性

Acute Toxicity of 59 Pesticide Surfactants to 5 Environmental Non-target Beneficial Organisms

室内测定了59种农药表面活性剂对蜜蜂、家蚕、大型溞、斑马鱼、绿藻等5种环境非靶标有益生物的急性毒性,包括31种非离子表面活性剂、5种阳离子表面活性剂和23种阴离子表面活性剂。结果表明,所有供试表面活性剂对陆生生物蜜蜂和家蚕的毒性均较低,18种表面活性剂对鱼、溞、藻中的一种或多种水生生物表现为中等毒性以上,少数品种达到剧毒水平;供试5种阳离子表面活性剂的对水生生物的毒性普遍高于非离子和阴离子表面活性剂。建议在农药制剂产品研发中,应重点关注所选择的表面活性剂对水生生物的毒性。

The acute toxicity of 59 pesticide surfactants to 5 environmental non-target beneficial organisms such as bees, silkworms, Daphnia magna, zebrafish and algae was determined in laboratory, including 31 nonionic surfactants, 5 cationic surfactants and 23 anionic surfactants. The results indicated that all the tested surfactants showed low toxicity to terrestrial organisms, such as bees and silkworms, that 18 surfactants showed moderate above level toxicity to one or more aquatic organisms such as fish, daphnia and algae, and that a few of them reached the highly toxic level. The toxicity of the 5 tested cationic surfactants to aquatic organisms is generally higher than that of nonionic and anionic ones. It is suggested that the toxicity of selected surfactants to aquatic organisms should be paid more attention on during the research and development of pesticide formulations.