基于改进蚁群算法的WSN分簇路由协议的研究

Research on WSN Clustering Routing Protocol Based on Improved Ant Colony Algorithm

为了降低和均衡无线传感器网络节点的能耗,延长网络的生存周期,对传统LEACH协议的分簇和传输阶段做出相应改进。在簇头选择上引入剩余能量、距离和节点密集度因子重新构造阈值计算公式,使簇头分布更为合理。数据传输阶段通过改进的蚁群算法得出最优路径:在状态转移函数中加入伪随机规则来避免算法过早停滞;在启发函数中引入角度因子,减少无关路径的访问次数,提高算法的收敛速度;同时通过使用动态挥发系数避免算法后期陷入局部最优。仿真结果表明,改进后的协议能够有效地均衡网络能耗,延长网络的生命周期。

In order to reduce and balance the energy consumption of wireless sensor network nodes and extend the life cycle of the network,corresponding improvements are made to the clustering and transmission phases of the traditional LEACH protocol.In the cluster head selection,the remaining energy,distance and node density factors were introduced to reconstruct the threshold calculation formula to make the cluster head distribution more reasonable.In the data transmission stage,the optimal path was obtained through the improved ant colony algorithm:pseudo-random rules were added to the state transition function to avoid premature stalling of the algorithm;angle factors were introduced into the heuristic function to reduce the number of visits to irrelevant paths and improve the convergence of the algorithm speed.At the same time,the dynamic volatilization coefficient was used to avoid the algorithm from falling into the local optimum later.The simulation results show that the improved protocol can effectively balance the network energy consumption and extend the life cycle of the network.