长江经济带与黄河流域生态效率差异及影响因素分析

An Analysis of Ecological Efficiency Differences and the Causes between the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the Yellow River Basin

长江经济带发展与黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展是我国依托大江大河实施的重大国家战略,文章采用Super-SBM模型和GML指数法测算了长江经济带与黄河流域生态效率及分解指标,建立面板Tobit模型识别生态效率的影响因素。研究发现:两大区域生态效率整体呈现上升态势,长江经济带生态效率GML指数高于全国水平,黄河流域低于全国水平。党的十八大之后,长江经济带与黄河流域生态效率都实现快速提升,技术进步是生态效率提升的主要驱动因素,空间分布表现为“东高西低”特征。长江经济带生态效率的泰尔指数呈“U”型特征,黄河流域则呈倒“N”型特征。经济发展、产业结构、环境规制、对外开放和基础设施对生态效率产生显著影响,外部因素的影响效果在区域间和区域内存在差异。新时代推进生态文明建设要坚持生态优先、绿色发展之路,多维度构建绿色发展的体制机制,注重区域间差异化发展和协同发展相结合。

The development of Yangtze River Economic Belt and the ecological protection and high-quality development of Yellow River Basin are major national strategies implemented by the Chinese government relying on large rivers.This paper uses the Super-SBM model and the GML index method to calculate the ecological efficiency and its decomposition index in the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the Yellow River Basin,and establishes a panel Tobit model to identify the influencing factors of eco-efficiency.The results show that the ecological efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the Yellow River Basin is on the rise.The ecological efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is higher than the national average,while the ecological efficiency of the Yellow River Basin is lower than the national average.After the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the ecological efficiency of the two regions has achieved rapid improvement.Technological progress is the main driver of ecological efficiency improvement.The characteristic of spatial distribution is that the ecological efficiency in the east is higher than that in the west.The Theil index of ecological efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt shows a U-shaped evolution trend,and the Yellow River Basin shows an inverted N trend.Factors that have a significant impact on eco-efficiency include economic development,industrial structure,environmental regulation,opening to the outside world and infrastructure construction.The influence of external factors on the ecological efficiency is different between and within regions.In order to promote the construction of ecological civilization in China’s new era,we must unswervingly follow the path of ecological priority and green development,build a multi-dimensional mechanism for green development,and pay attention to the combination of regional differentiated development and coordinated development.