中国居民家庭食物浪费的收入弹性、效应解析及模拟分析

Income Elasticity,Effect Analysis and Simulation Analysis of Chinese Household Food Waste

食物浪费不仅导致食物生产和分销过程浪费大量资源,还增加垃圾处理压力和温室气体排放,挑战粮食安全。通过理论与实证研究解析了收入增长影响家庭食物浪费的数量效应和结构效应。基于中国健康与营养调查数据的实证结果显示,收入增长会显著提高居民家庭食物浪费量,食物浪费收入弹性为0.26,其中,数量效应表现为收入增长提高谷物类、蔬菜类和肉蛋奶类食物的浪费量,包括通过提高家庭食物浪费率对食物浪费量产生影响;结构效应表现为收入增长降低蔬菜类食物浪费量占比,提高肉蛋奶类食物浪费量占比,但对谷物类食物浪费量占比无显著影响。进一步分析发现收入增长与家庭食物浪费量之间存在非线性关系。两种方案的模拟结果均显示,2030年前我国人均食物浪费量和食物浪费总量仍会继续上升,有必要制定和实施遏制居民家庭食物浪费的具体干预措施。城乡之间存在明显差异,收入增长对农村居民家庭食物浪费的作用更强,因此干预措施制定应着重关注农村地区家庭食物浪费问题。

Food waste not only wastes a lot of resources in food production and distribution process,but also increases waste treatment pressure and greenhouse gas emissions,and challenges food security.By constructing theoretical model and empirical model,the volume effect and structure effect of income growth on the amount of household food waste were decomposed.This study found that income growth significantly increased the amount of household food waste based on CHNS data,and the income elasticity of food waste was 0.26.The impact of income growth on household food waste has significantly increased the waste of grains,vegetables,and protein foods,including the impact on the amount of food waste by increasing the household food waste rate.The structure effect of income growth on food waste has significantly decreased the proportion of vegetables food waste,significantly increased the proportion of portion foods,while it has no significant effect on the proportion of grains food waste.The simulation results show that per capita food waste and total food waste will continue to rise before 2030,and it is necessary to take intervention measures to curb household food waste.There are obvious differences of household food waste between urban and rural areas,and income growth has a stronger effect on rural household food waste.As a result,policy makers should pay more attention to household food waste in rural areas.