精准扶贫提高了贫困户的幸福感吗——基于CLDS数据的实证分析

Does Targeted Poverty Alleviation Improve the Subjective Well-being of Poor Households:An Empirical Study Based on CLDS Panel Data

精准扶贫是中国新时期农村贫困治理的基本方略,在帮助贫困人口脱贫增收等客观福利方面取得了显著的成效,但对贫困户主观幸福感的影响尚不明晰。本文基于中国劳动力动态调查(CLDS)2014年和2016年两期面板数据,采用倾向得分匹配双重差分(PSM-DID)模型,评估了精准扶贫对贫困户主观幸福感的影响,在此基础上运用中介效应模型进一步探究精准扶贫对贫困户主观幸福感产生影响的传导机制。研究结果表明,(1)精准扶贫政策总体上提高了贫困户的主观幸福感。(2)通过进一步细分扶贫政策类型得出,瞄准人力资本改善的能力培育型扶贫政策能够显著提高贫困户的主观幸福感,但直接给予经济物质支持的扶贫政策并未对贫困户的主观幸福感产生显著影响。(3)相较于年轻和深度贫困户,精准扶贫对主观幸福感的提升作用在老年贫困户和一般贫困群体中更加显著。(4)从精准扶贫对贫困户主观幸福感产生影响的传导机制分析发现,精准扶贫能够直接帮助贫困户增加经济收入,间接提升其主观社会地位并增强其村庄归属感,进而提升其主观幸福感。

Targeted poverty alleviation is the basic strategy of rural poverty governance in the new era of China.It has made remarkable achievements in helping the poor get rid of poverty and increase income,and other objective welfare.But the impact on the subjective well-being of poor households is not clear.Based on the panel data of China’s labor force dynamic survey(CLDS)in 2014 and 2016,the PSM-DID model was used to evaluate the impact of targeted poverty alleviation on the subjective well-being of poor households.On this basis,the intermediary effect model was used to further explore the transmission mechanism of the impact of targeted poverty alleviation on the subjective well-being of poor households.The results show that:(1)The targeted poverty alleviation policy improves the subjective well-being of poor households in general.(2)Further subdivide the types of Poverty Alleviation Policies,and draw the conclusion that the capacity-building poverty alleviation policies aiming at the improvement of human capital can significantly improve the subjective well-being of poor households,but the poverty alleviation policies that directly give economic and material support have no significant impact on the subjective well-being of poor households.(3)Compared with the young and deeply poor households,the effect of targeted poverty alleviation on subjective well-being is more significant in the elderly poor households and the general poor groups.(4)From the transmission mechanism analysis of the impact of targeted poverty alleviation on the subjective well-being of poor households,it is found that targeted poverty alleviation can directly help poor households to increase their economic income,indirectly enhance their subjective social status and enhance their sense of belonging to the village,and then enhance their subjective well-being.