710例小耳畸形患者流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of 710 patients with microtia

目的探讨先天性小耳畸形住院患者构成比的流行病学特征。方法收集自2020年8月至2021年7月,西安国际医学中心医院710例小耳畸形住院患者,统计分析患者的性别、年龄、居住地域、小耳畸形发生的左右侧、分度、以及是否伴有外耳道闭锁、耳屏缺失、耳前瘘管、副耳、半侧面部发育不良、面神经发育不良、大口畸形等特征。采用Pearsonχ^(2)检验和Fisher确切概率法分析不同分度小耳畸形与伴发症状间的关系。结果710例患者中男性502例(70.7%),女性208例(29.3%)。年龄6~56岁。患者居住地域分布全国多个省份,以陕西最多101例(14.23%)。左侧213例(30.00%),右侧441例(62.11%),双侧56例(7.89%)。小耳畸形Ⅰ度57耳(7.44%),Ⅱ度544耳(71.02%),Ⅲ度165耳(21.54%)。不同分度小耳畸形同时出现外耳道闭锁、副耳或耳屏缺失的发生率比较,其差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=158.783,8.782,178.674,P<0.05);耳前瘘管发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.998,P=0.082);不同分度小耳畸形患者伴发半侧面部发育不良或面神经发育不良发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=237.148,143.781,P<0.05);伴发大口畸形的发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.611,P=0.082)。结论小耳畸形男性多于女性,单侧发病多于双侧,右侧多于左侧,全国范围散在分布,不同严重程度与伴发一些面部其他畸形有相关性。这些特征可以为研究小耳畸形的防治策略提供参考。

Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of the proportion of hospitalized patients with congenital microtia.Methods From August 2020 to July 2021,the gender,age,location,left or right side,grade and whether accompanied by external auditory canal atresia,tragus loss,preauricular fistula,accessory auricle anomaly,hemifacial dysplasia,facial nerve dysplasia and macrostomia of 710 patients with microtia were statistically analyzed.The correlation between microtia of different grades and accompanying symptoms was analyzed by Pearsonχ~2 test and Fisher’s exact test.Results In 710 patients,there were 502 males(70.7%)and 208 females(29.3%).The age ranged from 6 to 56 years old.The residence of patients distribute multiple provinces in China,with Shanxi had the most cases of 101(14.23%).There were 213 cases(30.00%)on the left side,441 cases(62.11%)on the right side and 56 cases(7.89%)on both sides.There were 57 ears(7.44%)with microtia of degreeⅠ,544 ears of degreeⅡ(71.02%)and 165 ears of degreeⅢ(21.54%).There was significant difference in the incidence of external auditory canal atresia,accessory auricle anomaly and tragus loss among different degrees of microtia(χ~2=158.783,8.782,178.674,P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of preauricular fistula(χ~2=4.998,P=0.082).There was significant difference in the incidence of hemifacial dysplasia or facial nerve dysplasia among different degrees of microtia(χ~2=237.148,143.781,P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of macrostomia(χ~2=4.611,P=0.082).Conclusion Statistical analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of 710 patients with microtia showed the following characteristics:more males than females,more unilateral side than bilateral sides,more right side than left side,scattered distribution throughout the country,and different severity is related to some other facial deformities.These characteristics provided reference for the study of prevention and treatment strategies of microtia.