胡直“神韵”说的心学因缘及诗学意义

The Heard-mind Theory and Poetic Significance of Hu Zhi’s “Verve Theory”

胡直是较早将神韵引入诗学的学者。胡直论神韵,强调寄寓,重视主体精神的根基作用,尊情意识突出;同时,将神韵视为一种艺术境界,重本色,强调主体情感的自然外化,非专注于某种风格之表现,重视诗的精神感染价值。胡直“神韵”说与后来神韵论有差异也有趋同,它的生成与其“心造天地万物”思想相关,它的提出又以中晚明诗学生态为背景,与复古派、唐宋派、性灵派均有联系,在晚明诗坛产生了一定反响,在神韵诗学发展历程中有其价值。

Hu Zhi was an early scholar who introduced verve into poetics.He regarded the verve as an artistic realm and emphasized the natural externalization of the subject’s emotion,which focuses on the performance and essence of a certain style and attaches great importance to the spiritual appeal of poetry.There exist both differences and similarities between Hu Zhi’s“Verve Theory”and the later theory of Verve.The formation of“Verve Theory”is related to his thought of“the mind creates the universe”and was put forward in the context of the poetic ecology of the middle and late Ming Dynasty.It is connected with the schools which advocate classical poetry,poetry from the Tang and Song Dynasties,and poetry that reveal true selves.It exerts an influence on the poetic circles of the late Ming Dynasty and has its value in the development of verve poetics.