作为视角的性别与作为秩序基础的性别——葛希芝的女性民俗学访谈

Gender as a Perspective and Gender as the Foundation of Social Order:An Interview with Prof. Hill Gates on Feminist Folklore

2019年2月17日,富布莱特学者马丹丹在访美期间,对美国著名人类学家、斯坦福大学荣休教授葛希芝进行了性别研究的专题访谈。围绕性别分工,探讨历史中的女性劳动如何与缠足习俗发生联系,从而衍生出作为控制手段的缠足实则固定了女性在社会分工中的劳动角色,目的在于加强其在传统社会中对父系家族的依附。根据葛希芝在中国的田野工作经历,她强调了将女性作为研究对象的可能性与必要性,女性视角虽然可以补充传统研究的盲点,不过和作为秩序基础的性别仍旧有本质的不同,后者具有社会层面的平权意义。

On February 17, 2019, Ma Dandan, a Fulbright scholar, conducted a special interview on gender studies with Hill Gates, a famous American anthropologist and emeritus professor at Stanford University. This interview revolves around the gender division of labor and explores how women’s labor in history is related to the custom of foot binding, so that foot binding as a means of control actually fixes women’s labor role in the social division of labor, with the purpose of strengthening their dependence on the patrilineal family in traditional society. According to Gates’ s fieldwork experiences in China, she emphasized the possibility and necessity of taking women as research objects. Although most of research based on the female perspective can touch the gap of traditional research, it is still fundamentally different from the research on gender as the basis of order, and the latter has some value in terms of equal rights at the social level.