黄河流域水污染风险分区

Risk Zoning of Water Pollution in the Yellow River Basin

黄河流域生态环境保护和高质量发展已上升为国家战略,对黄河流域开展水污染风险分区评估具有重要的理论和现实意义.现有研究多集中于突发性水污染风险分区,累积性水污染风险分区鲜有案例.本研究以2019年为基准年,基于环境统计数据、DEM数据、水质监测断面数据和基础地理数据,以1 km×1 km网格为基本单元,采用环境风险场评估法对黄河流域开展突发性和累积性水污染风险分区评估.结果表明:①黄河流域突发性高风险区面积为1349 km^(2),占比0.2%,突发性较高风险区面积为3864 km^(2),占比0.5%;累积性高风险区面积为5834 km^(2),占比0.7%;累积性较高风险区面积为25382 km^(2),占比3.1%;②兰州市、乌海市、巴彦淖尔市、包头市、宝鸡市、济南市和东营市等部分地区突发性、累积性环境风险均较高;③从黄河干流两岸分布来看,黄河干流兰州段、白银段、中卫段、乌海段、巴彦淖尔段、郑州段、德州段和东营段等突发性、累积性环境风险均较高.

Ecological environment protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River basin has been upgraded as a national strategy and is very significant for carrying out water pollution risk zoning assessment in the Yellow River basin.Most of the existing studies focus on the risk zoning of emergency water pollution,and there are few cases of cumulative water pollution risk zoning assessment.Emergency and cumulative water pollution risk zoning of the Yellow River basin in 2019 was identified and assessed based on environmental statistical data,DEM data,water quality monitoring data,and basic geographic data,with a 1 km×1 km grid as the basic unit.The results showed that:①the area of emergency high-risk area in the Yellow River basin was 1349 km^(2),accounting for 0.2%of total area,and the area with relatively high risk was 3864 km^(2),accounting for 0.5%.The cumulative high-risk area was 5834 km^(2),accounting for 0.7%,and the relatively high-risk area was 25382 km^(2),accounting for 3.1%.②Some areas such as Lanzhou,Wuhai,Bayannur,Baotou,Baoji,Ji'nan,and Dongying had both high emergency and cumulative environmental risks.③From the distribution of the main stream perspective,the Lanzhou section,Baiyin section,Zhongwei section,Wuhai section,Bayannur section,Zhengzhou section,Dezhou section,and Dongying section had high emergency and cumulative environmental risks.