支气管肺发育不良基因表达调控异常研究进展

Research progress on abnormal regulation of gene expression in bronchopulmonary dysplasia

支气管肺发育不良(BPD)是早产儿最常见的慢性肺部疾病。BPD由多种因素引起,其本质是在遗传易感性的基础上,各种环境因素引起的肺损伤和发育中的未成熟肺修复之间的不平衡。研究显示BPD致病分子机理多涉及炎症细胞因子、非编码RNA和各种信号通路因子的异常表达调控。这些相关基因的异常表达,不仅影响了胚胎或早期胎儿肺的正常发育,并阻碍了新生肺损伤后肺的修复,或导致肺功能不全。单独或协同影响了BPD的发生发展。同时研究发现环境风险因素如高氧暴露、炎症导致基因表达异常也是BPD发生的原因之一,环境和基因共同作用推动了BPD的发生发展。

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD) is one of the most common chronic lung diseases in primarily premature infants.BPD results from an imbalance between lung injury and repair caused by complex interactions between various environmental factors and genetic susceptibility in the developing lung.Studies have shown that BPD pathogenesis is mainly related to the abnormal expressions of inflammatory cytokines, non-coding RNA and signal pathway factors.The abnormal expression of pathogenesis-related genes not only affects the normal development of fetal or neonatal lung, but also impairs lung repair after early injury of the neonatal lung, and influences pulmonary insufficiency alone or cooperatively.Environmental risk factors, such as hyperoxia exposure and inflammation leading to abnormal gene expression, have also been found to be one of the causes of the development of BPD.The interaction between environmental factors and genetic susceptibility is an important mechanism for occurrence and development of BPD.