学龄前儿童屏幕暴露对睡眠的影响及户外活动的调节作用

Association between screen time and sleep duration and the moderating effect of outdoor activity among preschoolers

目的 了解学龄前儿童屏幕暴露和睡眠情况,探讨二者的关系,为促进儿童睡眠健康提供参考。方法 采用随机整群抽样方法,2020年10—12月选取广州市3所幼儿园的166名在园幼儿为研究对象,利用父母问卷调查学龄前儿童屏幕暴露时间、户外活动时间和睡眠时间等。采用线性回归模型分析学龄前儿童屏幕暴露时间与睡眠时间的关联性,并采用调节效应模型分析户外活动时间的调节作用。结果 共调查学龄前儿童166例,其中有138例(83.1%)夜间睡眠持续时间不足10 h, 86例(51.8%)每日总视屏时间≥1 h。多元线性回归模型分析显示学龄前儿童移动电子(手机/平板电脑)屏幕暴露时间与睡眠时间显著相关(β=-0.298,95%CI:-0.603~-0.021);而看电视时间与睡眠时间无显著关联(β=-0.144, 95%CI:-0.382~0.089)。调节效应模型显示户外活动时间对不同类型屏幕暴露时间与睡眠时间的关系均无显著调节效应(P>0.05)。结论 学龄前儿童屏幕暴露时间,尤其是移动电子视屏时间可能会影响其睡眠时间,增加户外活动时间可能并不降低屏幕暴露对睡眠时间的影响。

Objective To examine the association between electronic screen time and sleep duration among preschoolers in Guangzhou, and to explore the moderate effect of outdoor activity, in order to provide reference for facilitating sleep health of children. Methods Using a random cluster sampling method, a total of 166 preschoolers in 3 kindergartens in Guangzhou were selected into this study from October to December 2020. Data on electronic screen time, outdoor activities, and sleep duration of children were collected by parental questionnaire. General linear regression models were used to analyze the association of electronic screen time and outdoor activities with sleep duration, and the moderating test was used to explore the moderating effect of outdoor activity. Results Totally 138 preschoolers(83.1%) had a sleep duration less than 10 hours per night, and the daily screen time of 86 preschoolers(51.8%) was more than 1 hours. The mobile electronic screen time was prominently associated with sleep duration(β=-0.298,95%CI:-0.603--0.021), while the TV screen time has no relation with sleep duration(β=-0.144, 95%CI :-0.382-0.089). The moderating test demonstrated a null moderating effect of outdoor activity on the association between screen time and sleep duration(P>0.05). Conclusion Exposure to mobile electronic screen is adversely associated with the sleep duration among preschoolers, and outdoor activities play no moderating role on this association.