中山市2~6岁儿童睡眠状况的调查分析

Investigation and analysis of sleep status of 2- to 6-year-old children in Zhongshan City

目的 调查中山市2~6岁儿童的睡眠情况,分析不同特征儿童睡眠的常见问题。方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法,于2018年3月—2019年2月,随机抽取中山市5个区6所幼儿园的1 880名儿童进行问卷调查。问卷以悉尼儿童医院睡眠中心临床问卷为基准,结合国内实际情况自制问卷调查表,对纳入儿童家长及幼儿园负责人发放调查问卷,收回有效问卷1 799份。结果 中山市2岁组儿童平均每天睡眠时长为11.37 h, 3~6岁儿童睡眠时间为10.26~10.99 h,随年龄增长夜间、白天和全天睡眠时间逐渐减少,差异有统计学意义(F=14.285、28.408、40.635,P<0.05);睡眠不足发生率为17.01%(306/1 799),就寝延迟发生率为88.2%(1 587/1 799),入睡困难为41%(738/1 799)。2~6岁儿童户外活动及屏幕时间分别为(2.27±1.11)h和(1.25±0.94)h,达国内儿童推荐标准;儿童睡眠问题较多,主要表现为害怕就寝(64.0%)、多汗(50.9%)、磨牙(44.8%)、打鼾(40.1%)、梦魇(39.4%)、夜惊(39.1%)及流口水(25.3%),梦游(3.2%)及呼吸暂停(0.7%)。结论 目前中山市儿童睡眠时间不足,睡眠问题发生率较高,应引起家长及儿科医生的重视,加强儿童睡眠卫生保健宣传,促进儿童睡眠健康。

Objective To investigate the sleep status of children aged 2 to 6 years in Zhongshan City, and to analyze the common sleep problems of children with different characteristics. Methods A total of 1 880 children from 6 kindergartens in 5 districts of Zhongshan City were randomly selected from March 2018 to February 2019 by stratified cluster random sampling. The questionnaire was designed based on the Clinical Questionnaire of Sleep Center of Sydney Children′s Hospital and cultural background.Finally 1 799 valid questionnaires were collected. Results The average daily sleep time of 2-year-old children in Zhongshan City was 11.37 h, and that of 3-to 6-year-old children was 10.26 to 10.99 h, and it gradually decreased with age in terms of daytime, nighttime and the overall sleep(F=14.285, 28.408, 40.635, P<0.05). The detection rates of insufficient sleep, delayed bedtime, and difficulty in falling asleep were 17.01%(306/1 799), 88.2%(1 587/1 799) and 41%(738/1 799). The outdoor activities and screen time of 2-to 6-year old children were(2.27±1.11) h and(1.25±0.94) h, respectively, which reached the recommended standard for children in China. Children had more sleep problems, mainly manifested as fear of going to bed(64.0%), sweating(50.9%), molars(44.8%), snoring(40.1%), nightmares(39.4%), night terrors(39.1%) and drooling(25.3%), sleepwalking(3.2%) and apnea(0.7%). Conclusion At present, the sleep time of children in Zhongshan City is inadequate, so parents and pediatricians should pay more attention to children′s sleep health care to promote their sleep health.