关于阿多诺哲学贡献的再思考——从当代中国的视角看

Reflections on Adorno’s Philosophical Contributions from the Standpoint of Contemporary China

西奥多·阿多诺深刻影响了20世纪西方哲学和社会批判理论。在即将迎来阿多诺诞辰120周年之际,我们应该站在中国立场上,总体评价阿多诺对20世纪马克思主义哲学的贡献。具体来说,第一,阿多诺与霍克海默共同提出关于资本主义的历史哲学元批判,完成了马克思主义资本主义社会批判理论的20世纪转型。第二,阿多诺提出“否定的辩证法”,使马克思主义的哲学唯物主义获得了一种影响深远的20世纪新形态。第三,阿多诺对从黑格尔到海德格尔的近现代德国资产阶级哲学主流发出了马克思主义的批判强声。第四,阿多诺提出一种新的哲学美学理论,对现代主义艺术与真理的关系问题作出了马克思主义的回答。

Theodor Adorno has profoundly influenced western philosophy and critical theory of society in the 20;century. As approaching the 120 th anniversary of Adorno’s birth, we should, in general, evaluate Adorno’s contribution to Marxist philosophy in the 20;century from the standpoint of China. Specifically, firstly, Adorno and Horkheimer jointly proposed a historical-philosophical meta-critique of capitalism, which completed the transformation of critical theory of Marxist capitalist society in the 20;century. Secondly, Adorno proposed the “negative dialectics”,which gave Marxist philosophical materialism a new and far-reaching form in the 20;century. Thirdly, Adorno made a strong Marxist criticism of the mainstream of modern German bourgeois philosophy, from Hegel to Heidegger. Fourthly, Adorno proposed a new theory of philosophical aesthetics that provides a Marxist answer to the question of the relationship between modernist art and truth.