降香与易混品杠香的生药学鉴别研究

Pharmacognosy Study on the Identification of Lignum Dalbergia odorifera and Lignum Dalbergia yunnanensis

目的对比分析降香及其易混品杠香的生药学特征,建立降香与杠香的快速鉴别方法。方法采用基源、性状、显微和薄层色谱法进行鉴别并对比分析。结果降香与杠香在原植物形态、粉末显微特征上较相似,但两者在性状、三切面显微和薄层鉴别上有较明显差别。性状上,降香表面花纹细腻,“鬼脸纹”清晰;断面各组织排列规整,弦向薄壁组织排列成连续的环带状。而杠香表面花纹凌乱张扬,“鬼脸纹”少而不明显;断面各组织排列不规整,弦向薄壁组织排列成断续的短波浪状。显微上,降香横切面木射线顺直,木薄壁组织较窄,多环管翼状;杠香横切面木射线弯曲,木薄壁组织整体波浪状,局部环管带状。降香弦切面木射线多纺锤形,宽1~3列细胞,高3~11个细胞;而杠香弦切面木射线多长梭形,多宽1~2列细胞,高4~20个细胞。降香与杠香径切面木射线均为异型射线,但杠香射线细胞为横卧式细胞或方形细胞,而降香射线细胞少见方形。薄层鉴别方面,杠香较降香在比移值(R_(f))=0.22处多一个明显的深蓝色斑点。结论降香与杠香的性状、显微特征明显,薄层色谱分离效果较好,特征性斑点明显,该研究为鉴别降香与杠香提供了参考依据,为降香的深入开发利用奠定了基础。

Objective The purpose of this article is to compare and analyze the pharmacognosy characteristics of Lignum Dalbergia odorifera and its easily-confused woody products Lignum Dalbergia yunnanensis,and to establish a rapid identification method for Lignum Dalbergia odorifera and Lignum Dalbergia yunnanensis.Methods The original plant morphology,traits,microscopic and thin-layer chromatography(TLC)identification methods were used for identification and comparative analysis.Results Lignum Dalbergia odorifera and Lignum Dalbergia yunnanensis are similar in original plant morphology and powder microstructure characteristics,but have obvious differences in character,three-section microscopic characteristic and TLC behavior.In character,the surface patterns of Lignum Dalbergia odorifera are delicate,with clear'ghost face textures';tissues of the cross-section are neat,and the thin wall tissues in chord direction are arranged in continuous rings.The surface patterns of Lignum Dalbergia yunnanensis are disordered,with less and not obvious'ghost face textures';tissues of the cross-section are irregular,and the thin wall tissues in chord direction are arranged in discontinuous shortwave bands.Microscopically,the wood rays of Lignum Dalbergia odorifera are straight,thin wall tissues are narrow and they are aliform around the catheters;while the wood rays of Lignum Dalbergia yunnanensis are circumflex,thin wood wall tissues are wavy on the whole and banded around the ducts locally.Wood rays of Lignum Dalbergia odorifera are spindle-shaped in tangential section,1-3 cells wide and 3-11 cells high;but the wood rays of Lignum Dalbergia yunnanensis are long fusiform,1-2 cells wide and 4-20 cells high.The radial section rays of both are heterotypic rays,but the ray cells of Lignum Dalbergia yunnanensis are horizontal or square cells,while those of Lignum Dalbergia odorifera are rarely square.In the TLC behaviors,Lignum Dalbergia yunnanensis has an obvious dark blue spot on the position of R_(f)=0.22 that is lack in Lignum Dalbergia odorifera.Conclusion The traits and microscopic characteristics of Lignum Dalbergia odorifera and Lignum Dalbergia yunnanensis are obvious,the separation effect of TLC is good,and the characteristic spots are obvious.This study provides a reference for the identification of Lignum Dalbergia odorifera and Lignum Dalbergia yunnanensis,and lays the foundation for the indepth development and utilization of Lignum Dalbergia odorifera.