“党人之习气未尽”——黄宗羲思想的另一面

"The Habits of the Party are not Exhausted"——The Other Side of Huang Zongxi’s Thought

在黄宗羲的著述中,多有褒东林贬非东林的言论,体现出鲜明的“党见”。这些言论有些是就具体的人和事为东林辩护,有些则从根本上为东林的朋党性质辩白。而他对内官的极度鄙夷以及“以学领政”等政治主张,也是继承和发展了某些东林人士的言论思想。由于其父黄尊素在一些事情上的主张不同于其他东林人士,他在沿袭其父说法的时候,也会对东林有所批评,但这并不表明他没有党见。他的党见主要来自于其师刘宗周。直至近当代,他的党见言论仍然受到很多人信奉,从中衍生出的启蒙、民主等思想也不无附会与拔高之嫌,这些都有加以厘清的必要。

In Huang Zongxi’s writings,there are many remarks that praise Donglin Party and demean non-Donglin Party,reflecting a distinct"party view".Some of these remarks defend Donglin Party on specific people and events,and some fundamentally defend Donglin’s partisan nature.His extreme contempt for internal officials and his political ideas of"leading the government by study"also inherited and developed the speech and ideas of some Donglin people.Because his father Huang Zunsu’s views on some things were different from those of other Donglin people,he would also criticize Donglin when he followed his father’s statement,but this did not mean that he did not have a party view.His party view mainly came from his teacher Liu Zongzhou.Until modern and contemporary,his party views and speeches are still believed by many people,and the ideas of enlightenment and democracy derived from them are not without the suspicion of being attached to and exalting,which are necessary to clarify.