中国大城市公园绿地可达性的公平性研究——以武汉市中心城区为例

The equity of urban park green space accessibility in large Chinese cities:A case study of Wuhan City

城市公园绿地(UPGS)是城市生态系统的重要组成部分,良好的UPGS可达性可促进城市宜居、提高居民福祉。进入新时代,在建设“生态文明”和“人民城市”的背景下,关注中国大城市UPGS可达性的公平性问题意义重大。论文以武汉市中心城区为研究区域,从供给、需求2个方面综合测度可达性,从局部、整体角度评估了UPGS可达性的空间特征,并进一步探究了可达性与居民社会经济条件之间的关系,以此探讨社会公平性。研究发现:(1)区域型、全市型和综合型UPGS可达性空间分布优于社区型UPGS可达性空间分布;(2)UPGS的总体可达性在中心城区呈现“核心—边缘”逐渐递减的空间形态,UPGS数量多、密度大的区域的社区具有更高的可达性水平;(3)UPGS可达性与居民社会经济条件之间存在空间正相关关系,房价较高的社区,居民的UPGS可达性也较高,UPGS可达性反映的社会不平等现象明显。建议未来应重视更加精细化的UPGS布局优化和调控,不同区域和社会群体需求采取选择性策略,落实精准施策。论文弥补了现有研究的不足,应用大数据和新技术优化指标数据源,采用UPGS面积、生态系统服务价值、游憩设施和安全条件等指标精细化测度公园品质,并考虑了多种交通模式、实时路况以及不同年龄群体的选择偏好等因素,综合测度可达性,创新了研究方法;从城市经济结构视角出发,从房价入手探讨UPGS的公平性问题,拓展了已有分析框架,为中国大城市的基础设施布局和空间资源配置提供了支撑。

Urban park green space(UPGS)is an important part of the urban ecosystem.Good accessibility of UPGS can promote urban livability and improve residents’well-being.It is important to evaluate the fairness of UPGS accessibility.Taking the central city of Wuhan as a study case and 2020 as the research time period,this study measured the accessibility from the supply and demand aspects,evaluated the spatial characteristics of the accessibility of UPGS from both the local and global perspectives,and further explored the relationship between accessibility and residents’social and economic conditions,in order to explore its social equity.Our findings include:1)The spatial distribution of accessibility of regional,city,and comprehensive level UPGS is better than that of community level UPGS.2)The spatial pattern of the overall accessibility of UPGS in the central city area of Wuhan gradually decreases from the core to the periphery.The communities with more UPGS and higher UPGS density show a higher level of accessibility.3)There is a positive spatial correlation between UPGS accessibility and residents’socioeconomic conditions.The communities with higher housing prices also have higher UPGS accessibility.Thereby we identified marked social inequality in terms of the UPGS accessibility for Wuhan.It is recommended that in the future we should be further concerned with the optimization and regulation of the layout of UPGS with more nuance.While implementing the universal strategies,we should adopt targeted strategies and implement precise policies for the needs of different regions and different social groups.This study contributes to the literature in several ways.Using multi-source data and new technology to optimize indicators and data sources,the quality of parks was measured from UPGS area,ecosystem service value(ESV),recreation facilities,and safety conditions and various traffic patterns,real-time conditions,and selection preferences of different age groups,and so on were considered.At the same time,this study paid attention to the social inequality of accessibility,which enriches the empirical content and case materials and provides a scientific basis for the layout of urban infrastructure and the practice of environmental justice.