创业者区位选择的家乡偏好及其驱动机制

The locational choice of entrepreneurs and its driving forces of home bias

作为家乡认同感浓厚且出现大规模流动人口的转型中国家,中国的创业者在区位选择上究竟偏好家乡还是异地亟待回答,这关乎地方创业政策的方向性布局。基于2014年中国劳动力动态调查数据,从微观个体层面实证检验了创业者在区位选择上是否存在家乡偏好,并探究了其驱动机制。研究发现:创业者在区位选择上的确存在家乡偏好,且这种偏好在生存型和机会型的创业者中均普遍存在;在剔除可能造成家乡偏好高估的样本后,上述发现依然成立。进一步的机制分析发现,创业者偏好在家乡创业是为了借助熟悉的社会网络拓展营销渠道并照顾子女和父母。上述发现为制定创业人才政策提供了科学依据。

Hometowns are special places created by the connection between people and places in the process of living and growing up,and thus carry a rich sense of geography.In fact,place identity is a core concept in human geography,and hometown identity is an important dimension of it.As China is a transitioning country with a strong hometown preference and a large floating population,there is a pressing need to answer the question of whether Chinese entrepreneurs prefer their homes or not when choosing their work locations.Moreover,the China-based study facilitates the examination of entrepreneurs'high need for emotional support and their commitment to family responsibilities,which compensates for the absence of noneconomic factors motivating hometown preferences in existing studies.Based on data of the 2015 China Labor-Force Dynamics Survey,this paper provides the first individual-level empirical analysis of entrepreneurs'home bias in locational choice and its driving mechanism.Our study finds that entrepreneurs do have a strong home bias,and that this bias holds for both opportunity and necessity entrepreneurship.This finding holds true after excluding samples that may have contributed to the overestimation of home bias,i.e.,excluding those in the same industry as their parents and those working in agriculture,fishing,and mining.In terms of the driving mechanism of economic factors,there is no empirical evidence to supporting that entrepreneurs prefer their hometown out of access to financial support from family and relatives,but entrepreneurs who prefer their hometown and place of longest residence do have more business opportunities.In terms of the driving mechanism of non-economic factors,the number of children living with the entrepreneur and parents over the age of 60 significantly contribute to the entrepreneur's home bias,while the number of friends hardly significantly increases it.This not only provides a scientific basis for the development of localized entrepreneurial talent policies,but also indirectly responds to the"war for talent"that has been raging in various cities in recent years.