从配享到削祀:王安石的孔庙位次与王学升降

Wang Anshi’s Position in the Order of Precedence of the Confucius Temple and the Rise and Fall of the Study of Wang Anshi

王安石于绍圣初年被谥曰文,配享神宗庙庭,这是对其作为政治家在宋代政统中地位的确认;崇宁间配享孔庙,则是对其作为思想家在道统中位置的论定。但自北宋后期即开始有对于王安石配享孔庙的质疑,靖康年间,由配享降为从祀,到理宗淳祐年间,终被削祀。配享孔庙,需要建立有关王安石的道统论述,此乃“尊王论述”;反对配享及从祀也要有其依据,是为“贬王论述”。从配享到罢配享乃至削祀,实际上是“尊王论述”到“贬王论述”的建立及被朝廷确认的过程,从中可见权力世界所折射的宋代学术的变化。

In the first year of Shaosheng(绍圣)Period under the reign of the Emperor Zhezong(哲宗)of the Northern Song Dynasty,Wang Anshi(王安石)was conferred a posthumous title,and offered a position in the order of precedence in the Emperor Shenzong’(神宗)Temple,which represented an official recognition of his ascendancy as a statesman in the political institution of the Song Dynasty.In the third year of Chongning(崇宁)Period under the reign of the Emperor Huizong(徽宗),he was offered a position in the seating order of the Confucius Temple(孔庙),which indicated an official acknowledgement of Wang Anshi as an ideologist in the genealogy of the Way(道统).In the Late Song Dynasty,there arose question ings about whether Wang deserved the position to be worshiped in the Confucius Temple.But his worship class was degraded in the Jingkang(靖康)Period under the reign of the Emperor Huizong,and finally he was removed from the worship list in the Chunyou(淳祐)Period under the reign of the Emperor Lizong(理宗).To offer Wang Anshi a position in the seating order of the Confucius Temple,a discourse about his ideas of the genealogy of the Way was needed,which was“the discourse of honoring Wang”(尊王论述).To oppose Wang Anshi for his position in the seating order of the Confucius Temple,a well-founded discourse was needed,which was“the discourse of denouncing Wang”.The course from putting Wang into the worshiping list of the Confucius Temple,to degrading his worshiping class,and finally to removing him from the worshiping list,was actually a process of the establishment of“the discourse of denouncing Wang”and“the discourse of denouncing Wang”,and their acknowledgement by the imperial court.This course reflected the academic changes and their relationship with power in the Song Dynasty.