数据驱动型并购创新效应的反垄断审查

Antitrust Review of the Innovative Effect on Data-driven Merger and Acquisition

数据驱动型并购能够在更大范围、更深层次上聚合数据。平台滥用数据力量形成的竞争优势可能会损害数字市场上的创新。《反垄断法》明确将并购行为对创新的影响列为并购审查的关键考量因素,但如何构建数据驱动型并购创新效应反垄断审查的理论分析框架仍是理论研究较为薄弱的地方。应当以《反垄断法》及平台经济领域反垄断指南为指引,构建针对并购创新效应的二元审查路径。在初步审查阶段,应秉持数据中心主义的理念审查并购指向的数据是否特定、是否构成关键投入、是否可替代。在深入审查阶段,应从内、外两个向度分别审查并购对创新的影响。对于需要附加限制性条件以消除潜在创新损害的数据驱动型并购,应完善以开放数据为中心的行为救济方案体系,防止创新损害的发生,维护数字市场的竞争秩序。

In recent years,data-driven mergers and acquisitions have occurred frequently all over the world.Data-driven mergers and acquisitions initiated by large digital platforms can gather vast amounts of data.If the merging party abuses data power and competitive advantage,it may hinder innovation activities in the digital market.The Anti-monopoly Law clearly lists the impact of merger and acquisition on innovation as the key consideration of merger review.However,the academic community has not yet made achievements in discussing how to conduct anti-monopoly review on the innovation effect of data-driven mergers and acquisitions.Directed by the Anti-monopoly Law and“the Antitrust Guide on Platform Economy”it is appropriate to build a dual review path for the innovation effect of data-driven mergers and acquisitions.In the preliminary stage of review,the enforcement agency of the Anti-monopoly Law can return to the origin of the problem and review whether the data obtained by data-driven mergers and acquisitions are specific and constitute a key raw material for competitors,and moreover review whether the data are replaceable.In the in-depth stage of review,the enforcement agency of the Anti-monopoly Law needs to review the innovation power and innovation ability of the merging party,and also it needs to review whether the competitors can compete with the merging party in innovation.External review and internal review should be closely linked.As data-driven mergers and acquisitions need to attach restrictive conditions to eliminate potential innovation damage,the enforcement agency of the Anti-monopoly Law can,after the review,build a behavior relief scheme centered on open data according to the specific characteristics of innovation damage.