加快推进湖南省生物育种研究和产业化应用的建议

Suggestions on Accelerating the Research and Application of Bioengineered Breeding in Hunan Province

狭义的生物育种在中国是指生物工程育种。生物工程作物以抗除草剂、抗虫作物为主,它们占据全球生物工程作物面积的99.5%。利用生物工程作物能减少植保人力消耗、降低除草剂残留、减少杀虫剂用量、减少草害和虫害带来的产量损失,节本增效显著,是现代农业发展的主要方向。新兴的生物制造更是低碳、环保、高效的朝阳产业。中国生物育种研究基础较扎实,但原创不足、力量分散、应用滞后,技术优势没有转化为生产力。建议:1)湖南省率先省级审定第3代杂交水稻品种,率先建立省级生物工程作物大田多点评价和试验示范体系;2)建设高标准的生物工程作物生产性试验基地和生物制造特区,满足政策、科研、科普和展示需求,实现湖南省生物育种跨越式发展;3)以节本增效效果最好、生产应用最广的抗除草剂、抗虫基因及其种质创新为研发重点和突破口,培育“五抗”、低镉、优质、高产新品种,占据新的水稻生物育种技术制高点;4)加强抗虫与抗除草剂玉米、合成生物学和基因编辑研究,利用好负面清单保护期。

Biological breeding in a narrow sense is referred to as bioengineered breeding in China.Bioengineered crops are dominated by herbicide-resistant and insect-resistant crops,accounting for 99.5%of the world’s bioengineered crop acreage.Utilization of bioengineered crops,which can save labor costs,decrease herbicide residue and insecticide dosage,reduce yield loss from weeds and insect pests,finally cut down the costs and increase the benefits,has become the main trend of modern agriculture.Moreover,the emerging biological manufacturing is a sunrise industry by means of low carbon,benefit for environment and high efficiency.Although the research foundation of bioengineered breeding is solid in China,insufficient original innovation,scattered research force in different departments and lagging application of bioengineered crops result in the technical advantages’not being translated into productivity.The suggestions for Hunan Province are:1)To firstly register and release the third generation hybrid rice variety for commercial production and to firstly establish a provincial system for field evaluation and demonstration of bioengineered crops at typical ecotopes in Hunan;2)To construct high-standard bases for productive trials of bioengineered crops and special zones for biological manufacturing,in order to satisfy the requirements of policy,scientific research,science popularization and demonstration,and finally realize the leapfrog development of bioengineered breeding in Hunan Province;3)To focus on and break through the gene and germplasm innovations of herbicide resistance and insect resistance,and develop new varieties with“five resistances”,low cadmium accumulation,good grain quality and high yield potential in order to occupy the new commanding height of bioengineered rice breeding technology;4)To intensify the studies on insect-resistant and herbicide-resistant maize,synthetic biology and gene editing by making full use of the protection period of national negative list.