3种半定量风险评估方法在烧结砖瓦生产企业中的应用研究

Application of three semi-quantitative risk assessment methods in brick and tile enterprises

目的比较3种半定量风险评估方法在烧结砖瓦生产企业职业健康风险评估中结果的差异,并分析其适用性。方法运用GBZ/T 298—2017《工作场所化学有害因素职业健康风险评估技术导则》中的3种半定量评估方法对2018年四川省3家烧结砖瓦生产企业的职业病危害现状评价报告进行风险评估并比较结果。结果接触比值法[接触浓度(E)与职业接触限值(OEL)的比值]与指数法和综合指数法的评估结果比较差异均有统计学意义(Z=-3.612、-3.744,均P<0.05),指数法和综合指数法的评估结果比较差异无统计学意义(Z=0.132,P>0.05)。接触比值法与指数法和综合指数法的评估结果一致性均差(加权Kappa1=0.100,加权Kappa2=0.103,均P<0.05),指数法与综合指数法的评估结果一致性极好(加权Kappa=0.951,P<0.05)。当0.5≤E/OEL<1时,3种方法评估等级一致;当E/OEL<0.5时,接触比值法评估等级小于指数法和综合指数法;当E/OEL≥1时,接触比值法评估等级大于等于指数法和综合指数法。接触比值法评估结果与接触浓度(E)为极强相关(r_(s)=0.813,P<0.05),指数法和综合指数法评估结果与接触浓度(E)均为强相关(r_(s)=0.664、0.682,均P<0.05)。结论3种半定量评估方法的评估结果存在一定差异,由于综合指数法综合考虑了接触比值法和指数法的所有评估维度,结果能更真实地反映接害岗位的风险水平,可作为烧结砖瓦生产企业优先选用的风险评估工具。

Objective To compare the difference in the results of three semi-quantitative risk assessment methods in occupational health risk assessment in brick and tile enterprises,explore their applicability.Methods Three semi-quantitative risk assessment methods from the GBZ/T 298-2017 Guidelines for occupational health risk assessment of chemical hazards in the workplace were used to assess the occupational hazard assessment reports of three brick and tile enterprises in Sichuan Province in 2018,and the results were compared.Results There were statistically significant differences in the evaluation results among contact ratio method[Ratio of exposure concentration(E)to occupational exposure limit(OEL)],index method and composite index method(Z=-3.612,-3.744,both P<0.05),and the difference in the evaluation results was not statistically significant between the index method and the composite index method(Z=0.132,P>0.05).The consistency of the evaluation results of contact ratio method,index method and composite index method was poor(weighted Kappa1=0.100,weighted Kappa2=0.103,both P<0.05),and that between index method and composite index method was excellent(weighted Kappa=0.951,P<0.05).When 0.5≤E/OEL<1,the three methods were consistent in assessing the risk level.When E/OEL<0.5,the risk grade of the contact ratio method was less than that of the index method and the composite index method,and when E/OEL≥1,the risk grade of the contact ratio method was more than or equal to that of the index method and the composite index method.The evaluation result of the contact ratio method was extremely strongly correlated with the exposure concentration E(r_(s)=0.813,P<0.05),and that of the index method and composite index method were strongly correlated with the exposure concentration E(r_(s)=0.664,0.682,both P<0.05).Conclusion The evaluation results of three semi-quantitative assessment methods are different,because the composite index method consider_(s) all the assessment dimensions of the contact ratio method and the index method,its results can reflect the risk level of the exposed post more truly,which can be used as a preferred risk assessment tool in brick and tile enterprises.