当代中国人权观的形成机理

The Formation Mechanism of the Outlook on Human Rights Development in Contemporary China

相对于中国社会和中国文化而言,西方原教旨人权观是外在的,它提供的只能是“观念形式”“思想方法”和“理论技术”而非内容。中国传统思想观念世界中历史悠久的群本位不可能被个人本位论所取代,在新中国,“全体”的“人人”的自由与独立、权利与利益实现成为优先选项。当代中国将马克思主义人权观同中国具体实际相结合,将社会主义平等思想同中华民族优秀传统文化相结合,创立对全体性价值和个体权利的双重保障体系。这鲜明体现着当代中国人权重全体共进、重人人平等文化传统、实现人民基本生存发展需要优先以及借鉴各国人权文明成果的丰富特质。当代中国人权发展面临的艰巨任务是,通过全过程人民民主建设,继续夯实人权“公性”面向目标得以实现的政治条件和制度基础,同时着力为人权“私性”面向价值的保护构建起坚实的制度屏障。

The Western fundamentalist view of human rights,in contrast to Chinese society and culture,is external,and thus provides“conceptual form”,“thinking method”and“theoretical technique”but not concrete content.In the traditional Chinese ideology,the time-honored group standard cannot be replaced by the individual standard.In new China,priority is given to the freedom and independence of“everyone”and the realization of rights and interests for“all”.Contemporary China combines the human rights conception in Marxism with China’s concrete reality.Meanwhile,it integrates the socialist idea of equality with the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation,creating a dual-guarantee system for universal values and individual rights.It gives a clear-cut expression to contemporary China’s rich traits of the cultural tradition of emphasizing the Progress for All and the Equality for All,the priority of realizing the survival and development of the people,and the reference to the achievements of human rights civilizations of other countries.The arduous task faced by the human rights development in contemporary China is to consolidate further the political conditions and institutional base for realizing the“public”goal of human rights and build a solid institutional guarantee for the“private”value orientation of human rights,by means of the construction of the whole-process people’s democracy.