基于脆弱性视角的中国高铁城市网络韧性研究

Research on the resilience of China′s high-speed rail urban network from the perspective of vulnerability

基于中国高铁城市间列车流动数据构建高铁城市网络,利用脆弱性视角对中国高铁城市网络韧性进行研究,并探讨了新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情背景下武汉和湖北“封城”状态的网络韧性及城市响应,主要结论为:①中国高铁城市网络发育程度有待提高,城市网络发展水平区域差异性和层级性特征明显。②城市网络核心节点地位突出,控制能力强,关联效应显著,城市网络具有较强的适应和恢复能力,但网络韧性受关键节点影响显著。③蓄意攻击相比随机攻击能显著降低城市网络韧性,但在核心网络未遭受严重打击状态下,整体网络仍能保持较高的运转效率。④中国高铁城市核心网络保留了城市网络的主要运行特征,东高西低的网络发育特征明显,京广和京沪高铁是核心网络中交往最为频繁的通道。⑤武汉和湖北“封城”对中国高铁城市网络韧性总体影响较小,但对城市节点影响明显,总体上受到城市行政等级、交通运输干线和地理空间距离等因素影响,区域封锁状态下随着核心-边缘结构的调整,城市将提升自我核心度以弥补封锁区域核心地位的缺位。

High-speed railway is an important carrier of China's social and economic development.Under the background of extremely close social and economic ties,studying the resilience of high-speed rail urban network is of great significance to guaranteeing national social and economic development.This paper constructed a high-speed rail urban network based on the traffic data between China's high-speed rail cities from the perspective of vulnerability,studied the network resilience of China's high-speed rail cities,and discussed the network resilience and urban responses of Wuhan and Hubei in lockdown under the background of the COVID-19 pandemic.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The development level of China's high-speed rail urban network needs to be raised.Regional differences and hierarchies are developed significantly in the network.(2)The core city in the network has a prominent position,which has strong network control capability and obvious correlation effect.The network has strong adaptability and recovery ability,but the network resilience is significantly affected by key nodes.(3)Intentional attacks could significantly reduce the urban network resilience,but the core network can still maintain a high operating efficiency without the core network being severely hit.(5)The core network retains the main characteristics of China's high-speed rail urban network with the pattern of“high level in the east,but low level in the west”.The Beijing-Guangzhou and Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railways are the skeleton of the core network with the most frequent communication,while the western region seems to be ignored in the core network.(5)The lockdown of Wuhan and Hubei has a small impact on the resilience of overall high-speed rail urban network,but has obvious influence on city nodes.The network resilience is significantly affected by administrative divisions,transportation lines and distance.With the adjustment of the core-periphery structure of the urban network,cities will enhance their degree of centrality to compensate for the lack of core status of failed areas.In the future,the planning and construction of resilient cities should be promoted by strengthening the prevention of urban network risks and optimizing the layout of high-speed rail network structure to enhance the resilience of urban network and promote high-quality social and economic development.