动员式环境治理何以有效?--基于中央环保约谈案例的定性比较分析

Why is Mobilized Environmental Governance Effective?A Qualitative Comparative Analysis of Environmental Protection Administrative Interviews

动员式环境治理高度依赖层级官僚体系的动员响应和政策遵从,其有效性取决于地方主责官员所面临的复杂治理情境、纷繁条件约束及其相适做出的策略性环保行动。本文以中央环保约谈为案例进行模糊集定性比较分析,探索动员式机制达成有效环境治理的影响要素及其多重并发下的复杂作用机制。结果显示:主责官员更迭能够震断政企合谋联结、打破裙带共谋关系,有利于地方政府积极响应动员、施行严格环境管制,但实践中需要注意官员更迭影响动员的时效性特征;常规环保监管机制能够承接起中央动员力量“退场”后的施压主体角色,并通过进一步的政策转换和次级官员动员持续推动压力变现,因此,动员式环境治理的施行不能脱离常规性环保监管机制建设过程,要实现科层治理之制度化、规范化与动员治理之有效性、灵活性之间的平衡与嵌构;多元参与下的协同共治是动员式机制实现有效环境治理的重要条件,动员式环境治理要以舆论压力和社会参与为保障条件。

Mobilized environmental governance is highly dependent on the mobilization response and policy compliance of the hierarchical bureaucracy.Its effectiveness relies on the complex governance situations,complicated conditions,and appropriate strategic environmental protection actions faced by local officials.This paper conducts a qualitative comparative analysis of fuzzy sets to the environmental protection administrative interviews and explores the influencing factors of effective mobilized governance and the complex mechanism of action under multiple concurrencies.The results are shown as follows:Firstly,the post transfer of the responsible officials can disconnect the collusion between government and enterprises,break the nepotism complicity,and help the local government actively respond to mobilization and implement strict environmental governance.However,in practice,it is necessary to pay attention to the time lines of the post transfer.Secondly,after the administrative mobilization at central government level quits,conventional supervisory mechanism can take over the major role and continue constructing a driving force through further policy transformation and sub-bureaucratic mobilization,which means mobilized governance should not be deprived from the construction of conventional system and mechanism.Therefore,the balance and inlay between the institutionalization and standardization of bureaucratic governance and the effectiveness and flexibility of mobilized governance should be established.Thirdly,collaborative governance under multiple participation is an important condition for effective mobilized governance,which requires public opinion pressure and social participation as a guarantee.