大他者到身份政治:本质主义的本体起源与政治逻辑——以《性、谎言和录像带》《心理游戏》《水浒传》《哈姆雷特》为例

The Big Other and Identity Politics:The Ontological Origin and Political Logic of Essentialism:Taking Sex,Lies,and Videotape,The Game,Water Margin,and Hamlet as Examples

我们生活在一个复杂的世界。为了应对世界的复杂性,我们被教导要学会抓事物的本质。然而,本质会反噬我们。本文通过对《性、谎言和录像带》《心理游戏》《水浒传》《哈姆雷特》等作品的分析,旨在追踪本质主义思维在当代世界的运行逻辑与展布形态,进而借助拉康主义精神分析理论、现象学理论、对象导向的本体论、操演论等理论所打开的分析视角,来对本质主义做出本体起源学的考察,并对作为本质主义之政治形态的身份政治展开政治本体论层面的批判。作为一种后形而上学研究的妥当的方法论路径,不应从现象看本质,而应从现象看现象:现象永远是开放的,包含研究者自己同它的诸种意向性关联。

In this complex world we live,in order to cope with this complexity,we are taught to learn to grasp the essence of things.Yet essentialism tends to backfire on us.This article analyzes Sex,Lies,and Videotape,The Game,Water Margin,and Hamlet to sort out the running logic and showcasing form of essentialism in the contemporary world,makes an ontogenesis examination on essentialism from the perspective of Lacanian psychoanalysis,phenomenology,object-oriented ontology,and performativity and a political-ontological critique of identity politics as a political form of essentialism.A proper methodology for post-metaphysical researches is not from the phenomenon to the essence but from the phenomenon to the phenomenon.The phenomenon is always open and involves the researchers’own associations with it.