话题和左偏置结构的词汇—函数语法对比研究

A Lexical-Functional Grammar Contrast between Topicalization and Left-Dislocation Construction

词汇—函数语法通过函数结构和成分结构两个平行结构建立句法模型,取消了句法生成和转换等规则,f-结构是没有跨语言差异的内部结构。运用该模型,汉语话题结构中的TOP和OBJ同时映射到f结构的同一个节点,所以两者是等同关系,而左偏置结构中的TOP和OBJ分别映射到f-结构中各相应节点,两者是约束关系。话题结构和左偏置结构句法限制和分布并不完全相同。这一研究方案进一步解释了话题结构和左偏置结构中语义或指称的非对称性。

The lexical-functional grammar(LFG)is the syntactical model formed by two parallel structures—the functional structure and the constituent structure,which gets rid of the rules for syntactic generation and transformation.The f-structure is an internal structure which is attuned to all the languages.The TOP and OBJ are mapped onto the unique node of the f-structure in the topicalization structure.In this case,the TOP is equal to OBJ.However,the TOP and OBJ of the left-dislocation structure are respectively mapped onto their corresponding node.Meanwhile,the TOP and OBJ form a binding relationship.Therefore,it is easy to conclude that the syntactic restrictions and distributions of the topicalization structure are not equal with the ones of the left-dislocalization structure.In addition to the above point,the study also illustrates the semantic or referential asymmetry between the topicalization structure and the left-dislocation structure.