狂犬病病毒单克隆抗体的研究进展

Progress in research on monoclonal antibodies against rabies virus

狂犬病是由狂犬病病毒感染引起的烈性传染病,一旦发病,致死率接近100%,一般采用抗狂犬病病毒免疫球蛋白(rabies immunoglobulin,RIG)进行暴露后预防(post-exposure prophylaxis,PEP)阻止疾病发生。RIG主要来自人或马的免疫血清,存在成本高、供不应求及安全性、免疫原性等问题。免疫保护性中和抗体主要针对狂犬病病毒糖蛋白(G)产生,WHO建议使用至少2个表位不重叠的单克隆抗体(MAb)来替代RIG。本文对狂犬病病毒G蛋白结构、中和表位及可用于替代RIG的具有广谱中和活性的候选MAb等的研究进展作一综述,为单抗鸡尾酒(MAb cocktail)疗法抗体组合的研究提供参考。

Rabies is a severe infectious disease caused by rabies virus(RV),of which the mortality is nearly 100%once the clinical symptoms appear.In general,anti-rabies immunoglobulin(RIG)is used for post-exposure prophylaxis(PEP)of rabies.However,the RIG which is mainly derived from human or horse immune sera may have some disadvantages such as high cost,supply shortage,safety and immunogenicity.Since protective neutralizing antibodies are mainly specific to the glycoprotein(G)of RV,WHO recommends that the monoclonal antibodies(MAbs)with at least two non-over-lapping epitopes may be used instead of RIG.This review focused on the progress in research on structure characteristics and neutralizing epitopes of RV glycoprotein as well as the candidate MAbs with broad neu-tralizing activity that may be used instead of RIG,which will provide a reference for the study on combination of MAbs in cocktail therapy.