谷氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸及二者受体在形觉剥夺性近视、弱视动物模型中的表达变化及其意义

Expression changes and significance of glutamate,gamma-aminobutyric acid and their receptors in animal models of form-deprived myopia and form-deprived amblyopia

近视、弱视的确切发病机制尚不十分明确。目前主要采用形觉剥夺性近视(form-deprived myopia,FDM)、形觉剥夺性弱视(form-deprived amblyopia,FDA)动物模型研究近视、弱视的发病机制。谷氨酸(glutamine,GLU)、γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)是中枢神经系统分布最广泛的兴奋性、抑制性神经递质,在视觉发育关键期起着重要作用,不仅可介导视皮层突触可塑性,还可介导视网膜神经突触可塑性。GLU、GABA及其相关受体在FDM、FDA的形成及进展中均有不同程度的变化,兴奋/抑制失衡机制在FDM、FDA中均有所表达。目前已有许多关于GLU、GABA及相关受体拮抗剂抑制FDM形成及进展的研究,鉴于GLU、GABA相关受体在FDA与FDM模型中表达的相似性,这些受体拮抗剂是否可预防或抑制FDA的形成亦值得进一步研究,对于弱视临床治疗药物的开发具有重要的指导意义。(国际眼科纵览,2022,46:143-149)

The exact pathogenesis of myopia and amblyopia is not well understood.Form-deprived myopia(FDM)and form-deprived amblyopia(FDA)have been used to study the pathogenesis of myopia and amblyopia.Glutamine(GLU)andγ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)are the most widely distributed excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system,and play important roles during the critical period of visual development,mediating synaptic plasticity not only in the visual cortex but also in the retinal nerve synapses.GLU,GABA and their related receptors are differentially altered in the formation and progression of FDM and FDA,and excitatory/inhibitory imbalance mechanisms are expressed in FDM and FDA.There have been many studies on GLU,GABA and related receptor antagonists to inhibit the formation and progression of FDM.Given the similarity of GLU and GABA related receptor expression in FDA and FDM models,it is worthwhile to further investigate whether these receptor antagonists could prevent or inhibit the formation of FDA,which is an important guideline for the development of clinical therapeutic drugs for amblyopia.(Int Rev Ophthalmol,2022,46:143-149)