内蒙古自治区农田地膜残留现状及特征研究

Study on Residual Status and Characteristics of Plastic Film in Farmland in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

为摸清内蒙古农田地膜残留污染现状、明确地膜残留特征,制定符合内蒙古实际情况的农田地膜污染防治措施,在内蒙古典型覆膜地块布设地膜残留长期定位监测点,采用问卷调查和挖取样方的方法,对内蒙古2020年农田地膜残留情况及影响因素进行研究分析。结果表明:2020年内蒙古农田平均地膜残留量为101.7 kg/hm^(2),其中锡林郭勒盟、赤峰市、巴彦淖尔市、阿拉善盟平均地膜残留量(127.66~145.83 kg/hm^(2))显著高于其他盟市(P<0.05);鄂尔多斯市、兴安盟、包头市、呼伦贝尔市、呼和浩特市平均地膜残留量为73.10~91.05 kg/hm^(2),显著高于乌兰察布市和通辽市(P<0.05);乌兰察布市平均地膜残留量为44.20 kg/hm^(2),显著高于通辽市19.05 kg/hm^(2)的地膜残留量(P<0.05)。农田地膜残留量随壤土、沙土、黏土变化显著增加(P<0.05)且成极显著正相关(P<0.01);随着覆膜年限增加,农田地膜残留量呈递增趋势,覆膜年限超过30年后农田地膜残留量显著增加(P<0.05),覆膜时长与农田地膜残留量成极显著正相关(P<0.01);0.01~0.02 mm厚度的地膜残留量虽显著低于0.004~0.010 mm厚度的地膜残留量(P<0.05),但地膜厚度与地膜残留量未表现出显著相关性(P>0.05)。内蒙古农田地膜残留量主要受土壤质地类型和覆膜年限影响。建议各盟市进一步加强地膜源头管控、推广地膜源头减量增效技术,每年开展地膜回收工作、加强耕地土壤培肥改良,多措并举构建农田地膜污染防治技术体系。

In order to find out the status of the residual pollution of plastic film in Inner Mongolia′s farmland and clarify the characteristics of the residual plastic film,formulate the prevention and control measures of plastic film pollution in accordance with the actual situation in Inner Mongolia,the long-term positioning monitoring points of plastic film residue were set up in typical plastic film covered plots in Inner Mongolia.The situation and influencing factors of farmland plastic film residue in Inner Mongolia in 2020 were studied and analyzed by methods of questionnaire survey and sampling.The results showed that the average residual amount of plastic film in farmland in Inner Mongolia in 2020 was101.7 kg/hm^(2).The average residual amounts of plastic film in Xilingol League,Chifeng City,Bayannaoer City and Alxa League were 127.66-145.83 kg/hm^(2),which were significantly higher than those of other cities and leagues(P<0.05).Ordos City,Hinggan League,Baotou City,Hulunbuir City and Hohhot City had an average residual plastic film of 73.10-91.05 kg/hm^(2),which was significantly higher than those of Ulanqab City and Tongliao City(P<0.05).The average residual amount of plastic film in Ulanqab City was 44.20 kg/hm^(2),which was significantly higher than that of 19.05 kg/hm^(2) in Tongliao City(P<0.05).The residual amount of plastic film in farmland increased significantly with the change of loam soil,sandy soil and clay soil(P<0.05)and showed extremely significant positive correlation(P<0.01).With the increase of the covering years,the residual amount of plastic film in farmland was increasing.After mulching for more than 30 years,the residual amount of plastic film in farmland increased significantly(P<0.05),and the duration of film mulching showed extremely significant positive correlation with the residual amount of plastic film in farmland(P<0.01).The residual amount of plastic film with thickness of 0.01-0.02 mm was significantly lower than that of plastic film with thickness of 0.004-0.010 mm(P<0.05),but the thickness of plastic film had no significant correlation with the residual amount of plastic film(P>0.05).The residual amount of plastic film in farmland in Inner Mongolia was mainly affected by soil texture type and the covering years.It′s recommended all leagues and cities further strengthen the management and control of the source of plastic film,promote the technology of reducing plastic film source amount and increasing efficiency,carry out the work of plastic film recycling every year,strengthen the soil fertilizer improvement of farmland,and take multiple measures to build a farmland plastic film pollution prevention and control technology system.