呼和浩特市中心城区景观格局及生态系统服务价值研究

Landscape Pattern and Ecosystem Service Value of Central Urban Area of Hohhot

以呼和浩特市中心城区2011年、2016年和2021年3期卫星遥感影像为基础,在1 km×1 km网格尺度下,对呼和浩特市中心城区景观指数和生态系统服务价值等方面开展研究,并根据研究成果针对研究区提出城市未来空间发展的方向及建议。结果表明:2011—2021年,研究区斑块数量(NP)、聚集度指数(AI)和香农多样性指数(SHDI)3个景观指数在1 km×1 km网格尺度下均呈现出“内、中2环+1外带”的分布形式。“内环”斑块破碎度逐渐降低,呈聚集状态,景观类型单一;“中环”斑块呈分散状态,景观类型丰富;“外带”斑块呈大小穿插块状,景观类型较为丰富。2011—2021年,研究区生态系统服务价值呈逐渐下降趋势,低生态服务价值网格逐年增多,主要集中在研究区西部老城区,研究期末高生态服务价值网格仅零星存在,说明城市开发建设过程侵占生态用地是导致其生态系统服务价值降低直接原因。

Based on the three satellite remote sensing images of Hohhot central urban area in 2011, 2016 and2021, under the scale of 1 km×1 km grid, this paper studies the landscape index and ecosystem service value of the central urban area of Hohhot, and puts forward suggestions on the future spatial development direction of the city according to the research results. The results show that from 2011 to 2021, 3 landscape indexes of patch number(NP), aggregation index(AI) and shannon diversity index(SHDI) in the study area showed the distribution form of ’inner and middle 2 rings + 1 outer belt’ at the grid scale of 1 km × 1 km. The fragmentation degree of ’Inner ring’ patches gradually decreases, showing an aggregation state, and the landscape type is single. ’Middle ring’patches are scattered and rich in landscape types. The ’Ring belt’ patches are of large and small, interspersed with blocks, and the landscape types are relatively rich. From 2011 to 2021, the ecosystem service value of the study area gradually decreased, and the low ecosystem service value grid increased year by year, mainly concentrated in the old urban area in the west of the study area. At the end of the study period, the high ecosystem service value grid only existed sporadically, indicating that the occupation of ecological land in the process of urban development and construction is the direct reason for the reduction of ecosystem service value.