植物对UV-B辐射增强响应的跨代可塑性特征及机制研究进展

Research progress on the characteristics and mechanisms of transgenerational plasticity of plants in response to enhanced UV-B radiation

臭氧层衰减导致地表UV-B辐射增强,对植物的生长发育产生不利影响。植物产生的适应性表型变化一般是受基因和环境因素调控的,遗传分化和表型可塑性是植物适应环境的两种可塑性方式。母本环境释放的某些信号会影响后代的表型。后续世代中,植物的跨代可塑性将有助于提高其胁迫环境适应能力。植物对UV-B辐射增强响应的跨代可塑性特征包括植株形态、叶片形态、光合作用响应、内源激素适应性变化等,这些响应特征可能与表观遗传DNA甲基化等机制有关。这种环境诱导产生的跨代可塑性不仅能调控植物的正常生长发育,而且促进植物适应性进化。这在提高作物适应性方面为作物育种提供新思路,减轻全球气候变化对作物产量的危害。

The attenuation of the ozone layer leads to an increase in surface UV-B radiation,which has an adverse effect on the growth and development of plants.The adaptive phenotypic changes produced by plants are generally regulated by genes and environmental factors.Genetic differentiation and epigenetic plasticity are two plasticity ways for plants to adapt to the environment.Certain signals released by the maternal environment will affect the phenotype of the offspring.In subsequent generations,the inter-generational plasticity of plants will help improve their ability to adapt to stress environments.The trans-generation plasticity characteristics of plants in response to enhanced UV-B radiation include plant morphology,leaf morphology,photosynthesis response,and adaptive changes in endogenous regulatory substances.These response characteristics may be related to mechanisms such as epigenetic DNA methylation.The trans-generational plasticity induced by this environment can not only regulate the normal growth and development of plants,but also promote the adaptive evolution of plants,providing new ideas for crop breeding in improving crop adaptability,and reducing the harm of global climate change to crop yields.