急性呼吸道感染病例病原学调查分析

Etiological analysis of 1406 cases of acute respiratory tract infection

目的分析急性呼吸道感染病例的病原构成,掌握主要病原体活动水平及变化规律,了解门头沟区急性呼吸道感染病原谱。方法采集急性呼吸道感染病例1406例,利用多重荧光RT-PCR方法对流感病毒、副流感病毒1-4、呼吸道合胞病毒、副流感病毒、腺病毒、人偏肺病毒、鼻病毒、冠状病毒(OC43和229E)、冠状病毒(NL63和HKU1)、博卡病毒、肠道病毒及肺炎支原体、肺炎衣原体进行检测。结果1406例病例中,阳性267例,混合感染19例,阳性率为18.99%,男、女阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.284,P=0.594)。病原谱排在前两位的是流感病毒和肺炎支原体。流感病例以流感病毒、腺病毒为主;肺炎病例和重症肺炎病例以流感病毒、肺炎支原体为主。冬春季流感病毒检出最高,夏季为腺病毒,秋季为肺炎支原体。结论北京市门头沟区引起急性呼吸道感染的主要病原体为流感病毒、肺炎支原体和腺病毒,不同病例类型和季节的优势病原体不同。

Objective To investigate the pathogenic composition of acute respiratory tract infection,and to master the activity level and change rules of main pathogens,so as to establish pathogen spectrum of acute respiratory tract infection in Mentougou district of Beijing.Methods A total of 1,406 cases of acute respiratory tract infection were collected.Influenza virus,parainfluenza virus 1~4,respiratory syncytial virus,parainfluenza virus,adenovirus,human metapneumovirus,rhinovirus,coronaviruses(OC43 and 229E),coronaviruses(NL63 and HKU1),Boca virus,enterovirus,mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumoniae were detected by multiple fluorescent RT-PCR.Results Of the 1,406 cases,267 cases were positive,including 19 cases of mixedinfections,with positive rate being 18.99%.There was no significant difference in the detection rate between males and females(P>0.05).The top two pathogens in the pathogen spectrum were influenza virus and mycoplasma pneumoniae.The influenza cases were mainly involved in influenza virus and adenovirus,and the cases of pneumonia and severe pneumonia were mainly involved in influenza virus and mycoplasma pneumoniae.Moreover the idetection rate of nfluenza virus was the highest in winter and spring,and that of adenovirus was in summer and mycoplasma pneumoniae was in autumn.Conclusion The main pathogens causing acute respiratory tract infection in Mentougou district were influenza virus,mycoplasma pneumoniae and adenovirus,and the dominant pathogens were different in different case types and seasons.