景电灌区化肥减量配施生物有机肥对茄子生长特性、产量及品质的影响

Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Bio-organic Fertilizer on Growth Characteristics, Yield and Quality for Eggplant in Jingdian Irrigation Area

为探明化肥减量配施生物有机肥对景电灌区茄子生长特性、产量和品质的影响,在景泰县一条山镇条山农场以不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(CF)为对照,设置4种不同施肥模式(80%化肥配施生物有机肥3 000kg/hm^(2),A1B1)、(80%化肥配施生物有机肥6 000 kg/hm^(2),A1B2)、(70%化肥配施生物有机肥3 000 kg/hm^(2),A2B1)、(70%化肥配施生物有机肥6 000 kg/hm^(2),A2B2),结果表明,化肥减量配施生物有机肥可有效改善茄子生长特征和生理特性等指标,且在同一生物有机肥配施水平下,化肥减量越大,抑制作物生长越明显。不同施肥模式对茄子光合特性、产量、品质的影响存在较大差异,其中A1B2处理最优,气孔导度、净光合速率分别较其他处理增加11.22%~47.26%、8.8%~63.1%,胞间CO;浓度则较CF显著降低26.35%;与CF相比,A1B1、A1B2、A2B1和A2B2处理分别增产7.16%、17.49%、4.65%、13.24%,其中A1B2产量最高,达77 977.25 kg/hm^(2),其经济效益较CF显著提升17.78%。生物有机肥代替化肥后,茄子果实维生素C、可溶性蛋白及可溶性糖含量较CF分别提高4.98%~10.95%、1.08%~16.13%和7.4%~27.68%,而粗纤维则呈减少趋势,减幅为18.51%~66.67%。通过对产量、品质指标的灰色关联度分析发现,A1B2处理等权关联度、权重系数、加权关联值均为最佳,而聚类分析也表明A1B2处理为最佳的施肥模式。因此,优选A1B2为景电灌区茄子种植过程中较佳的施肥模式,可在当地茄子优质生长种植中推广应用。

In order to explore the effects of fertilizer reduction combined with bio-organic fertilizer on growth characteristics,yield and quality of eggplant in Jingdian irrigated area,in this study,four different fertilization modes (A1B1 of 80%chemical fertilizer combined with bio-organic fertilizer 3 000 kg/hm^(2),A1B2 of 80%Chemical fertilizer combined with bio-organic fertilizer 6 000 kg/hm^(2),A2B1 of 70%chemical fertilizer combined with bio-organic fertilizer 3 000 kg/hm^(2),A2B2 of 70%chemical fertilizer combined with bio-organic fertilizer6 000 kg/hm^(2)) were set with no fertilization (CK) and conventional fertilization (CF) as the control in Tiaoshan Farm of Yitiaoshan Town of Jingtai County.The results showed that the reduction of chemical fertilizer combined with bio-organic fertilizer could effectively improve the growth characteristics and physiological characteristics of eggplant,and under the same level of bio-organic fertilizer combination,the greater the reduction of chemical fertilizer,the more obvious the inhibition of crop growth.There were significant differences in the effects of different fertilization modes on photosynthetic characteristics,yield and quality of eggplant,among which,A1B2 treatment was the best,with stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate increased by 11.22%to 47.26%and 8.8%to 63.1%,respectively,compared with other treatments and intercellular CO;concentration significantly decreased by 26.35%compared with CF.The yield of A1B1,A1B2,A2B1 and A2B2 was increased by 7.16%,17.49%,4.65%and 13.24%,respectively,compared with CF.The yield of A1B2 was the highest,up to 77 977.25 kg hm^(2),and the economic benefit of A1B2 was significantly increased by 17.78%compared with CF.The content of vitamin C,soluble protein and soluble sugar in eggplant fruits increased by 4.98%~10.95%,1.08%~16.13%and 7.4%~27.68%,compared with CF,respectively,while the crude fiber decreased by 18.51%~66.67%.The grey correlation degree analysis of yield and quality indexes showed that A1B2 treatment has the best equal weight correlation degree,weight coefficient and weighted correlation value,and cluster analysis also showed that A1B2treatment was the best fertilization mode.Therefore,A1B2 was the best fertilization mode in the planting process of eggplant in jingdian irrigation area,which could be popularized and applied in the local high-quality growth and planting of eggplant.