教育公平与技术创新——基于社会分层的视角

Educational Equity and Technological Innovation——From the Perspective of Social Stratification

地区创新发展的不平衡可能根源于社会经济结构的不平衡,教育公平可能通过社会分层影响地区技术创新。在测算省级教育公平度的基础上,从社会分层视角探讨教育公平对技术创新的影响及其作用机制,并剖析其中的异质性特征。研究结果显示:第一,教育公平通过需求分层和供给分层对区域技术创新产生正向影响。具体而言,教育公平通过扩大消费需求规模、优化消费结构、增加高层次人才供给的中介路径促进技术创新。第二,教育公平对技术创新的影响存在滞后效应和异质性。收入公平和经济发展程度较高时,教育公平对技术创新有更大的促进作用;从地域角度看,在东部地区,教育公平对技术创新有更大的正向影响。因此,中国在实施创新驱动和产业结构升级的过程中,应充分重视教育公平、促进教育协调发展,以积累高素质人力资本,促进消费规模扩大和消费结构升级,进而推动地区创新发展。

The imbalance of regional innovation development may be rooted in the imbalance of social and economic structure,and the equity of education may affect regional technological innovation through social stratification.Based on the measurement of inter-provincial educational equity,this paper discusses the influence of educational equity on technological innovation and its mechanism from the perspective of sociological stratification,and analyzes the heterogeneity of educational equity.The results show that,firstly,education equity has a positive impact on regional technological innovation through demand and supply stratification.Specifically,education equity promotes technological innovation through four mediating ways:enlarging the scale of consumption demand,optimizing the consumption structure,enlarging the scale of human capital supply and optimizing the human capital structure.Secondly,there are lag effect and heterogeneity in the influence of educational equity on technological innovation.The higher the level of education and economic development,the greater the role of education equity in promoting technological innovation;from the regional perspective,in the eastern region the positive impact of education equity on technological innovation is greater.Therefore,from a policy perspective,China should pay full attention to education equity and promote coordinated development of education in order to accumulate high-quality human capital in the process of implementing innovation-driven and industrial structure upgrading,which will promote the expansion of the scale of consumption and the upgrading of the consumption structure,thereby promoting regional innovation and development.