中等收入群体视角下的城市人居环境质量测度及空间格局研究——基于需求层次理论

Study on the measurement and spatial pattern of urban human settlements quality from the perspective of middle-income groups:Based on demand hierarchy theory

基于马斯洛需求层次理论,关注中等收入群体需求,结合中国家庭追踪调查数据与国家社会统计资料,综合运用熵值法、锡尔指数、空间自相关,系统分析中等收入群体视角下城市人居环境发展水平的空间异质特征及影响因素.结果表明:城市人居环境综合发展水平较差,仍存在较大的建设空间;城市人居环境发展水平空间分布上差异性与集聚性并存,区域内部差异较地区之间差异而言更为明显,整体上呈现出“东南部凸起,东北-中部凹陷”的分布格局;较高层次的需求的空间异质性特征相对于较低层次的需求而言更为明显,沿海发达地区更能满足中等收入群体人居环境更高层次的发展诉求.

Based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory,paying attention to the needs of middle-income groups,combined with Chinese family tracking survey data and national social statistics,and comprehensively using entropy method,Theil index,spatial autocorrelation,this paper systematically analyzes the spatial heterogeneity characteristics and influencing factors of urban human settlements development level from the perspective of middle-income groups.The results show that:The comprehensive development level of urban human settlements is poor,and there is still large construction space.The spatial distribution difference and agglomeration of the development level of urban human settlements coexist.The regional difference is more obvious than the regional difference.On the whole,it presents the distribution pattern of“southeast bulge and northeast central depression”.The spatial heterogeneity of higher-level demand is more obvious than that of lower-level demand.The developed coastal areas can better meet the higher-level development demands of human settlements of middle-income groups.