阿多诺文化工业理论新探:消费者之维的再思考

Re-inspection to Adorno’s Cultural Industry Theory:from the Consumer Dimension

阿多诺的“文化工业”理论揭示了资本主义社会下文化与技术和商业合谋,使得文化作品异化成为一种同质化、标准化、机械化的文化商品的现象。阿多诺主要从文化工业的生产端批判了文化工业已经成为资产阶级维护其统治的有力工具,阻碍了人的自由发展,因而实际上是反启蒙和反文化的,但他却忽视了文化商品的消费者实际上具有一种自主性和反抗性的潜力。真正解决问题不能仅仅从文化工业的生产端发起,更要重视挖掘每一位消费者的反思和批判力量。消费者不应只是悲观顺从和甘于臣服的无意识者,而应是能够自我判断和自主抉择的独立个体。在现代科学技术的发展下,当代文化工业已经呈现出许多新变化,但阿多诺的文化工业理论中的许多思想仍能为今天我国社会的文化产业建设提供一些新的启迪。

Adorno’s cultural industry theory reveals the synthesis of culture,technology and commerce in capitalist societies,making cultural works a homogeneous,standardized and mechanized cultural commodity.From its production end,Adorno criticizes the cultural industry for its already becoming a bourgeoisie political tool to maintain its forceful rule.It is actually counter-enlightenment and counter-culture,hindering people’s free development.But he ignores the fact that consumers actually have a potential for autonomy and resistance.This casts a light that any real solution should tap each consumer’s reflection and critical power,instead of a mere initiation from the cultural industry’s production side.Consumers are absolutely not pessimistic,submissive and unconscious,but independent individuals with self-judgment and self-determination.Contemporary cultural industry experiences greatly new changes with the development of modern science and technology.Many concepts in Adorno’s cultural industry theory still offer enlightenments for the cultural industry construction in our society.