地表环境汞污染的生物修复技术及展望

Bioremediation of Mercury Pollution in Land Surface Environment:Review and Prospects

汞(Hg)及其化合物是一类重要的全球污染物,环境中高浓度的汞会对生态系统和人类健康造成严重危害。《关于汞的水俣公约》正式生效后,汞生产量、使用量和排放量将得到有效控制。然而历史排放汞导致的污染问题依然会对自然环境造成长期的生态风险,因此在减排的同时也亟需开发、发展有效治理汞污染的方法。本文总结了汞污染生物修复的技术及应用原理,分析了基于生物修复原理运用合成生物学手段改造生物将其运用到汞污染修复的优势和潜力,最后探讨了汞污染合成生物学修复应重点关注的问题和前沿研究方向。

Mercury(Hg)and its compounds are a kind of important global pollutant.Elevated Hg level in environment poses high risk to ecosystems and human health.After the entry into force of the“Minamata Convention on Mercury”,production,usage,and emission of Hg will be effectively controlled.However,the historically emitted Hg is still posing long-term ecological risk to the natural environment.It is urgent to develop effective methods for controlling Hg pollution while decreasing Hg emissions.This review summarized the molecular mechanisms of Hg pollution bioremediation,analyzed the advantages and potentials of using synthetic biological engineered organisms to remediate Hg pollution,and reviewed application of Hg pollution bioremediation in land surface environment.Finally,the key issues and future prospects of Hg pollution synthetic biological remediation were discussed.