从麒麟送子看儒、释、道文化交融的演进轨迹——以黄梅挑花为例

The Evolution of Cultural Integration of Confucianism Buddhism and Taoism from the Perspective of Children-Sending Kylin——Take Huangmei Cross-stitch as an Example

[研究意义]黄梅挑花麒麟送子纹样的简与繁不仅是一种艺术特征,也是手工艺人的记忆载体和文化交融的演进。[研究方法]文章以黄梅县文化馆及民间收藏的黄梅挑花麒麟送子纹样作为研究对象,通过田野调查、历史文献法、比较研究法,从艺术学的角度对其装饰艺术进行分析,探讨其艺术特征及民俗功能。[研究结果与结论]研究认为:麒麟送子纹样与儒家麒麟吐玉中所推崇的生殖繁衍期盼有关,借用道教中“西王母”所遵循的顺其自然来祈求子嗣绵延,此外佛教中对“观音坐莲”“化生儿”观念逐渐转化为对孩童前程似锦的赞誉,从而体现了生育习俗推崇“子孙繁衍”仁德、节日习俗体现“道法自然”哲思、生活习俗折射“幸福化生”功德这三种民俗观念意向。

In this paper,huangmei cross-stitch Children-Sending Kylin patterns collected in cultural center of Huangmei County and folk collections are taken as the research object.Through field investigation,historical literature method and comparative research method,the patterns of Children-Sending Kylin patterns are classified and studied,and the theme composition,modeling composition and color matching of Children-Sending Kylin patterns are analyzed and studied.The article is divided into three parts.The first two parts mainly analyze the aesthetic principles of Children-Sending Kylin pattern and discuss its artistic characteristics.Firstly,the paper classified the Children-Sending Kylin patterns and analyzed the composition of the elements of cross-stitch patterns.In the collection and arrangement,we found that Children-Sending Kylin patterns are mainly white as skeleton line,and light green,peach,orange and other colors as embellishment colors.It is found that the theme of Children-Sending Kylin pattern presents diversified forms.In the integrated cross-stitch pattern,Children-Sending Kylin pattern is taken as the center of the composition,and a variety of theme patterns are selected and selected.The surrounding is stitched for different occasions and different subject matter composition,such as six consigns spring,qin,chess,calligraphy and painting,and Five blessings.In huangmei cross-stitch,the Children-Sending Kylin pattern presents the form of single element and combination element composition.The single element pattern mainly selects a child to ride on the kylin,or some of them hang a book on the horn or neck of the kylin.Cross-stitch patterns with complex composition take Children-Sending Kylin as the center of composition,and are stitched by patterns of various themes,while the surrounding patterns are made up of different themes according to different occasions.The color symbols present black and white cross-stitch and color cross-stitch.Mostly with dark color as the base,white cotton thread is used to stitch the skeleton,and then filled with peach,orange,lake blue,bright red,pink and green and other colors,which are bright and have a certain visual impact.The third part shows that Huangmei openwork patterns of the Children-Sending Kylin with numerous is not only a kind of artistic features,and craftsmen memory carrier and the evolvement of folk culture blend.The author holds that the pattern of kylin sending children is related to the expectation of reproduction and reproduction advocated in the Confucian kylin jade spitting.It borrows the"West Queen Mother"in Taoism to pray for the continuation of children by letting nature take its course.In addition,the concept of"Guanyin sitting lotus"and"transforming children"in Buddhism is gradually transformed into praise for the bright future of children.With the development of the times,Children-Sending Kylin pattern is the most representative work in huangmei cross-stitch theme.The theme composition,shape composition,color symbols,and aesthetic characteristics have a certain stability and coordination.Children-Sending Kylin pattern are deeply loved by the public.The Children-Sending Kylin pattern image has been developed and inherited in the strong secular concept,and carries the emotional expression of huangmei people in different periods.Under the impact of culture,it reflects the three kinds of folk concept intention:Confucian fertility custom advocates"offspring reproduction"benevolence,Taoist festival custom embodies the philosophy of"Taoism and nature",and Buddhist life custom refracts the merit of"happiness and rebirth".The Children-Sending Kylin reflects the formation characteristics of folk handicrafts and traditional concepts,and pursues the vision of life under the objective of the subject,so as to achieve the double balance of spiritual value and material value of folk art.