悲剧、知识、直言——非再现认识论与伦理治理的可能

Tragedy,Knowledge,Parrêsia:Non-Representational Epistemology and the Possibility of Ethical Governmentality

本文基于古希腊悲剧来思考福柯对现代认识论的重写,借助治理术的转渡,把知识考古、权力谱系与伦理治理相结合,试图对福柯的思想历程做整体上的观望。尼采通过悲剧艺术重审现代推重抽象理性,借助而又贬抑摹仿再现的认识论,提出象征之音乐特质,将其作为悲剧艺术直观对世界本质知识的直接表达。受此启发,福柯早期通过知识考古,研究现代知识观中间环节的摹仿再现,从疯癫的世俗化、再现的内折等方面探讨了知识的非再现可能,把形而上学和戏剧结合起来,以重复和差异的运动代替再现和摹仿。将经验、知识、权力三者结合的治理术概念帮助福柯从知识主体转渡到伦理主体。在对直言的考察中,福柯揭示了古希腊非再现认识论与伦理治理政治的实践行动。

The article attempts to conduct a macroscopic study on Foucault’s course of thought,which covers Foucault’s re-writing of modern epistemology by way of his invoking of ancient Greek tragedy,and a synthesis of his archeology of knowledge,genealogy of power,and ethical government of the subject.Nietzsche,from the perspective of life in tragedy art,pioneered the re-examination of modern epistemology which values reason while turning to but paradoxically devaluing representational epistemology of mimesis.Nietzsche advocates the musicality of symbol which transcends mimesis,and regards it as the direct expression of the intrinsic knowledge through the intuition of tragedy art.Inspired by Nietzsche,Foucault focused on representation which could be regarded as the intermediate link of modern epistemology.The possibility of nonrepresentational knowledge was explored from aspects like the secularization of madness and the in-folding of representation.Foucault further combined metaphysics and theatre,replacing representation and mimesis with repetition and difference.Governmentality,a concept synthesizing practice,knowledge and power,serves as a vehicle for the transition from the subject of knowledge to the subject of ethics in Foucault’s philosophy.Finally,in his study of parrêsia,Foucault uncovered the Grecian non-representational epistemology and the practice of the politics of ethical governmentality.