苏格兰启蒙运动时代的礼貌文化与文学表现

Polite Culture in Scottish Enlightenment and Its Literary Reflection

礼貌文化是苏格兰启蒙运动时代一个鲜亮的内核,涵盖了当时物质文化和精神文化发展的诸多方面。鉴于自己民族的状况和自身发展的需求,苏格兰哈奇森与休谟等学者们基于沙夫茨伯里等学者的礼貌主张,重视人性与道德研究,推行注重文雅写作、高雅学术和学术社交的礼貌文化。对社会发展的理论认知、宗教改良派的推动和科学技术发展等因素使得礼貌文化在苏格兰启蒙运动中后期得以盛行。苏格兰文学也由此丰富了书写内容和表现形式,进步交往的理念与勇敢忠诚等传统在作品中共同表现相互作用。探究苏格兰启蒙运动时代的礼貌文化可以明晰它在苏格兰现代化及其文学发展方面发挥的重要作用。

During the Scottish Enlightenment,the concerns for the material and spiritual progress are much related to Polite Culture.The Scottish literati,like Francis Hutcheson and David Hume,furthered modern ideas about politeness suggested by Shaftesbury.They extended studies of human nature and morality,and promoted new understandings of polite writing,scholarship and sociability.Among the factors for the prevalence of polite culture in the mid-to-late Scottish Enlightenment,the view of social progress,the distance from religious arbitrariness,the development of science and technology,accompanied by the desire for peace and progress,made a considerable difference.Polite Culture thus influenced the matters and manners of Scottish literature,with ideas of progress and sociability interacting with traditional values of courage and loyalty.The analysis of Polite Culture in the context of Scottish Enlightenment helps to assess the role it played in the modernization of Scotland as well as her literary development.