轴盘旋转陶瓷膜动态错流过滤器处理油水乳化液的实验研究

Experimental research on treatment of oil-water emulsion by rotary ceramic membrane dynamic cross-flow filter

陶瓷膜分离因其分离效率高、物料无相变等优势,在油水分离领域长期备受关注,但常规陶瓷膜组件存在膜通量随过滤工作时间延长而下降等不足,影响了其工程应用.内部带有弧形辐射式流道的轴盘旋转陶瓷膜组件近几年开始引起关注,但国内外迄今尚未将其应用于分离高浓度油水乳化液.基于设计定制的轴盘旋转陶瓷膜动态错流过滤实验装置,系统开展了分离性能的实验研究,在不同跨膜压力和电机转速等工况条件下,比较了处理不同含油量油水乳化液的除油效率以及膜通量的变化.实验结果表明,轴盘旋转陶瓷膜动态错流过滤器的除油效率能稳定保持在99.5%以上;综合除油效率和膜通量来看,跨膜压力0.1 MPa、电机转速1400 r/min为处理油水乳化液的最佳过滤操作条件,分离含油量10%(体积分数)油水乳化液时的除油率为99.88%;采用压缩空气反冲洗的方式,可以使降低的膜通量快速恢复,实现陶瓷膜长时间稳定除油.

Ceramic membrane separation has attracted much attention in the field of oil-water separation for a long time because of its high separation efficiency and no phase transition. However, the conventional ceramic membrane module has some shortcomings, such as the decrease of membrane flux with the increase of filtration working time, which affects its engineering application. The dynamic cross-flow filtration of shaft-disk rotary ceramic membrane with arc radiation channel is a new cross-flow filtration technology developed in recent years. Up to now, it has not been used to separate high-concentration oil-water emulsions. In this paper, based on the customized rotary ceramic membrane dynamic cross-flow filter, the experimental research of separation performance was systematically carried out under different operating conditions such as trans-membrane pressure and motor speed. The oil removal efficiency and membrane permeate flux of high concentration oil-water emulsions with different oil content were compared. The experimental results show that, under all conditions, the oil removal efficiency of the shaft disk rotary ceramic membrane dynamic cross flow filter is more than 99.5%. According to the comprehensive oil removal efficiency and membrane permeate flux, the best operating filter conditions for treating oil-water emulsions are trans-membrane pressure 0.1 MPa and motor speed 1 400 r/min, and the oil removal rate is 99.88% when separating oil volume fraction 10% oil-water emulsions. The compressed air backwashing method can quickly restore the reduced membrane flux and realize the long-term stable oil removal of the ceramic membrane.