跑速对男性大学生下肢关节负荷特征的影响

Effect of running speed on lower extremity joint load in male college students

比较不同跑速下膝关节和踝关节屈伸峰值力矩、峰值功率、关节做功、关节冲量矩以及单位距离关节累积冲量矩等指标的变化,旨在探讨不同跑速对下肢关节单次触地负荷和累积负荷特征的影响。选择12名青年男性大学生为受试者,使用VICON红外高速运动捕捉系统、Bertec Fit三维测力跑台同步采集8 km/h、10 km/h、12 km/h和14 km/h共4个速度下跑步膝关节和踝关节的动力学参数,分析膝关节和踝关节屈伸峰值力矩、峰值功率、做功、冲量矩和单位距离关节累积冲量矩等指标。结果表明,支撑期踝关节跖屈峰值力矩、落地缓冲期和离地蹬伸期峰值功率、踝关节做功均随速度的增加显著增加(P<0.05),而膝关节伸膝峰值力矩、峰值功率和做功随着速度的增加均无显著变化(P>0.05);跑步1 km时膝关节和踝关节的累积冲量矩随着速度的增加均显著减小(P<0.05),膝关节和踝关节单步冲量矩随着速度的增加无显著变化(P>0.05)。跑速增加不会影响男性大学生踝关节和膝关节单次触地冲量矩,但会减小跑步者膝关节和踝关节单位距离累积冲量矩;跑速增加,男性大学生踝关节跖屈峰值力矩、峰值功率、关节做功显著增加。因此在一定速度范围内,跑速增加并不会增加膝关节受伤风险,而跑速对踝关节的影响有待进一步研究。

The changes of peak flexion and extension moments,peak power,joint work,joint impulse moments,and cumulative joint impulse moments per unit distance of knee and ankle joints at different running speeds were compared to explore the effects of different running speeds on the single touchdown load and cumulative load characteristics of lower limb joints.Twelve young male college students were recruited as subjects,and the kinetic parameters of their knee and ankle joints were collected simultaneously using VICON infrared high-speed motion capture system and Bertec Fit 3 D ergometer at four speeds of 8 km/h,10 km/h,12 km/h and 14 km/h.The peak flexion and extension moments,peak power,joint work,impulse moments and joint cumulative impulse moments per unit distance of knee and ankle joints were analyzed.The results show that the plantarflexion peak moment of the ankle during the support period,the peak power during the landing cushion period and the off-ground pedal extension period and the joint work by the ankle joint all increase significantly(P<0.05)with the increase of speed.But,the peak extension moment,peak power and joint work of knee during the support period do not change significantly(P>0.05)with the increase of speed.The cumulative impulse moments of the knee and ankle joints during the 1 km run decreased significantly(P<0.05)with the increase of speed,and the single step impulse moments of the knee and ankle joints do not change significantly(P>0.05).The increase of running speed do not affect the single touchdown impulse moments of the ankle and knee in male college students,but it can reduce the cumulative impulse moments per unit distance of the knee and ankle joints.The plantarflexion peak moment,peak power,and joint work in the ankle joint in male college students increase significantly with the increase of running speed.Therefore,within a certain speed range,the increase in running speed does not increase the risk of knee,while the effect of running speed on the ankle needs further study.