羽毛球运动员踝关节生物力学特征对机械不稳的影响研究

The influence of biomechanical characteristics of foot-ankle coupling system on mechanical instability of badminton players

分析羽毛球运动员蹬转(一步)起跳动作中踝关节落地瞬间到缓冲结束阶段的运动生物力学特征对机械不稳的影响,为避免初学者发生运动损伤提供理论支持。采用瑞典生产QUALISYS-MCU 500光学运动捕捉系统和Kistler三维测力台同步获取受试者踝关节的运动生物力学参数。结果:(1)运动学方面,初学者踝关节跖屈和背屈角度均显著小于高水平运动员(P<0.05),初学者内翻和内旋角度均显著大于高水平运动员(P<0.001),两组外翻和外旋角度不存在显著差异(P>0.05);(2)动力学方面,初学者外翻力矩和外旋力矩均显著大于对照组(P<0.05),内旋力矩显著小于高水平运动员(P<0.05),两组跖屈力矩之间差异不存在显著性(P>0.05)。得到以下结论:相对于高水平运动员,初学者表现出过度的踝关节内翻、落地时背屈相对受限、受力不稳等特点,这可能使运动员更容易发生运动损伤,建议重视小腿腓侧肌群训练,加强踝关节外侧韧带的专项练习,以控制踝关节额状面运动,从而预防踝关节发生运动损伤,加强对关节的保护,以适应后期高强度训练和比赛。

To analyze the influence of the biomechanical characteristics of the ankle from the moment of landing to the end of the buffer on mechanical instability in the take-off of badminton players so as to provide theoretical support for avoiding sports-related injury for beginners.Biomechanical parameters of the ankle joint were obtained synchronously by QUALISYS-MCU 500 optical motion capture system made in Sweden and Kistler three-dimensional dynamometer.Results:(1)Kinematics:The ankle metatarsal flexion and dorsiflexion angles of beginners were significantly lower than those of high-level athletes(P<0.05),but the varus and internal torsion in beginners were significantly greater than those of the latter(P<0.001).The two groups did not significantly differ in valgus or external rotation angle(P>0.05).(2)Dynamics:The valgus moment and external rotation moment of beginners were significantly larger than those of the control group(P<0.05),and the internal rotation moment of beginners was significantly lower than that of high-level athletes(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in metatarsal flexion moment between the two groups(P>0.05).Compared with high-level athletes,beginners show excessive ankle varus,relative limitation of dorsal flexion when landing,and stress instability,which may make them more prone to sports injury.It is suggested that attention should be paid to the training of calf fibula muscle group and strengthen the special exercise of the lateral ligament of the ankle joint in order to control the movement of the frontal surface of the ankle joint so as to prevent mechanical state of sports injury of the ankle joint.Joint protection and rehabilitation training should be strengthened to adapt to later high-intensity training and competition.