基于区块链技术的生鲜农产品追溯系统研究进展

Progress of Research to Develop a Traceability System for Fresh Agricultural Products Using Blockchain Technology

随着生活水平的不断提高,生鲜农产品的质量安全已经成为人们密切关注的焦点问题。生鲜农产品追溯是食品质量安全保障中不可或缺的重要环节,同时也是提高消费者对产品信任度的有效措施。区块链以链式结构对数据信息进行分布式记录和分布式存储,通过利用加密算法、共识机制以及智能合约等技术为多方合作中出现的数据隐私与信任等问题提供了高效的解决方案。基于区块链技术的农产品追溯系统具有提高生产、加工、运输、销售过程的透明度和效率,增强数据可信度,体现数据可追溯性等优点,同时可以剔除农产品供应链中不必要的中间商,并且增强消费者对可追溯农产品的信心。本文介绍了区块链及其技术特点,分析了生鲜农产品从种植养殖、生产加工、物流运输和分销销售的整个供应链环节,提出了一种基于区块链和物联网设备的生鲜农产品可追溯性框架,并总结了区块链技术在果蔬追溯、畜禽肉类追溯和水产品追溯方面的应用进展,同时指出了现阶段区块链农产品溯源所存在的消费者对区块链接受度低、市场主体之间存在用户隐私与交易保密的顾虑和无法保证源头数据的真实性等关键性问题,最后结合区块链技术讨论了未来生鲜农产品追溯的发展方向,为促进生鲜农产品追溯的深入研究提供启发与借鉴。

With continually improving living standards,the quality and safety of fresh agricultural products has come under public scrutiny.Fresh produce traceability is an indispensable and important link in the process of guaranteeing food quality and safety and is also an effective measure for improving consumers’trust in food products.A blockchain database records and stores data within a chain structure.Using an encryption algorithm,a consensus mechanism,smart contracts,and other technologies,a blockchain provides an efficient solution to the challenge of ensuring data privacy and trust in multi-party cooperation.A traceability system for agricultural products that is based on blockchain technology entails the advantages of improving the transparency and efficiency of production,processing,transportation,and sales processes;enhancing data reliability;and reflecting data traceability.It can also eliminate unnecessary intermediaries in the agricultural product supply chain and enhance consumers’confidence in traceable agricultural products.This paper introduces the blockchain and its technical features and presents an analysis of the entire supply chain for fresh agricultural products from planting and breeding,to production and processing,to logistics and transportation,through to distribution and sales.It proposes a traceability framework for fresh agricultural products that is based on blockchain and Internet of things devices and equipment and summarizes progress made in applying blockchain technology in the traceability of fruit and vegetables,livestock and poultry meat,and aquatic products.Moreover,it identifies key problems currently constraining the traceability of blockchain agricultural products,such as the low acceptance of blockchain links by consumers,concerns about user privacy and the confidentiality of transactions between market subjects,and an inability to ensure the authenticity of source data.Lastly,it discusses future developmental directions of fresh agricultural product traceability using blockchain technology,which can guide and inspire further in-depth research in this area.