挤出直写式增材制造的研究进展

Research progress in extrusion direct writing technology of additive manufacturing

挤出直写式3D打印技术可用于制备高分子、金属、陶瓷以及复合材料等多种材料的复杂形状零件,由于适应面宽、工艺灵活、设备简单等优势,在增材制造技术中占有重要地位。根据原料状态和原理的不同可以分为熔融沉积成形(FDM)和料浆直写(DIW)技术。本文着重介绍了近几年国内外挤出直写式3D打印技术在金属、陶瓷及复合材料、磁性材料制备上的发展和应用,总结了挤出直写技术制备的零件性能,对挤出直写技术的优劣势进行了综述,并展望了挤出直写技术的发展前景和面临的挑战。

Extrusion Direct Writing(EDW) method can be used to prepare complex shape parts of polymer, metal,ceramic and composite materials. Due to the advantages of wide adaptability, flexible process and simple equipment, it plays an important role in additive manufacturing technology. According to the different states and principles of raw material, it can be divided into Fused Deposition Molding(FDM) and Direct Ink Writing(DIW). In this paper, the development and application of EDW at home and abroad in recent years were mainly reviewed in the fields of metals, ceramics, composites and magnetic materials. Furthermore, this review summarized the performance of parts made by EDW and concluded its advantages and disadvantages. The development and challenge of EDW technology in the future were proposed out.