增材制造高强钢的研究进展及应用

Research progress of additive manufactured high strength steel

高强钢具有高的强度及韧性,在航空航天等领域具有重要地位。大型关键重载构件存在锻造难度大、对热加工要求高等问题,限制了其进一步发展和应用。增材制造技术可以实现金属构件的高性能精确快速成形,为高强度钢的制造提供了一条新途径。本文介绍了增材制造高强度钢的成形特性,综述了增材制造高强度钢的组织演变规律和力学性能特征。研究表明,工艺参数对增材制造高强度钢的致密度、熔覆层宽度和高度均影响较大,进而影响成形件内部质量。热累积会使层间组织变粗大,同时使不同部位的组织发生不同的固态相变,使高强钢的组织更加复杂;热处理可以显著提高增材制造高强度钢的综合力学性能;最后对高强度钢增材制造过程中需要进一步深入研究的问题进行了探讨和展望。

High strength steel with excellent strength and toughness played an important role in aerospace and other fields. The large key heavy-duty components were difficult to forge and had high requirements for hot working,this limited its further development and application. Metal additive manufacturing technology can realize rapid forming of metal components with high performance and precision, which provides a new way for manufacturing the high strength steel. In this paper, the classification of metal additive manufacturing technology at present, the forming characteristics of additive manufactured high strength steel, and the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of high strength steel were introduced. The results show that the process parameters have great influence on the density of additive manufacturing high-strength steel, width and height of cladding layer, and then affect the internal quality of forming components. Heat accumulation can make the interlayer microstructure become thicker, and at the same time the microstructure of different parts have different solid phase transformation,which makes the microstructure of high strength steel more complicated. Heat treatment can significantly improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of additive manufacturing high strength steel. Finally, the aspects that need further research in additive manufacturing high strength steel are prospected.