两次疫情管控对石家庄市空气质量特征的影响

Impact of Two Epidemic Control on Air Quality Characteristics in Shijiazhuang City

前期的研究表明2020年新冠肺炎疫情管控改变了石家庄市空气质量特征,2021年1月石家庄再度出现新冠肺炎疫情,并进行了严格的疫情管控,该研究将进一步分析比较两次疫情管控期间空气质量特征,以揭示大气污染的成因。分析石家庄市两次疫情管控下空气质量的差异,进一步探讨管控措施对空气质量的影响,为改善空气质量、调整大气防治措施提供参考依据和思路。基于中国空气质量在线监测分析平台和真气网,收集和整理了近6 a来石家庄市空气质量和气象监测资料,分析2021年1月5日-2月8日疫情管控期间石家庄市空气质量特征,分别与2020年1月5日-2月8日、2016-2019年相同时间段的数据进行比较,并排除气象因素的干扰,以便分析疫情管控对空气质量的影响。2021年疫情管控期间PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_(2)、CO、NO_(2)日平均浓度较疫情前(2016-2019年同期平均水平)分别降低了52.13%、40.62%、74.93%、55.53%、44.59%,差异有统计学意义(p<0.05),O_(3)日平均浓度较疫情前出现了明显的上升,增长49.40%,差异有统计学意义(p<0.05);与2020年同期相比PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、CO、NO_(2)日平均浓度出现了明显的下降,分别降低了54.85%、37.79%、52.36%、31.15%,差异有统计学意义(p<0.05);观察时间内石家庄市日平均温度和风速无明显的变化,差异无统计学意义,2021年疫情管控期间日平均相对湿度与疫情前相比无明显的变化,较2020年同期相对湿度降低了65.28%,差异具有统计学意义(p<0.05)。石家庄市两次疫情管控期间空气质量存在较为明显的差异,但气象因素并未呈现出相应的变化,空气质量的改变可能与管控措施的严格程度、实施次序有关。

Studies have shown that during the 2020 epidemic control period,air quality data has been"abnormal",but due to differences in geography and demographic factors,the survey results in different regions are not consistent.The purpose of the study is to analyze the difference in air quality under the control of the two epidemics in Shijiazhuang City,further explore the impact of control measures on air quality,and provide reference and ideas for improving air quality and adjusting atmospheric control measures.Based on the China Air Quality Online Monitoring and Analysis Platform and Zhenqi.com,with Shijiazhuang air quality as the research object,the air quality and meteorological monitoring data in the past 6 years have been collected and sorted,and the t-test and rank-sum test methods are used to analyze the air pollution status and change characteristics in the two epidemic control periods based on the air quality monitoring data of Shijiazhuang City during the epidemic control period from January 5 to February 8,2021,with comparison with the data of the same time period in 2019.With reference to changes in meteorological factors,the impact of epidemic control on air quality was comprehensively analyzed.Results indicate that in 2021,the social blockade measures against the epidemic have greatly reduced the concentrations of various pollutants.The concentrations of PM_(2.5),PM_(10),SO_(2),CO and NO_(2) have dropped by 52.13%,40.62%,74.93%,55.53%,44.59%,(p<0.05),respectively,compared with the same period before the epidemic(2016-2019 average levels).O;pollution increased,and the concentration increased by 49.40%compared to before the epidemic(p<0.05);the severity of epidemic control measures also has a certain impact on air quality compared with the epidemic blockade carried out in the same period in 2020.PM_(2.5),PM_(10),SO_(2),CO and NO_(2) during the epidemic control period in 2021 decreased by 54.85%,37.79%,52.36%and 31.15%,respectively,(p<0.05).Analysis of meteorological factors showed that there was no significant difference in the average temperature and wind speed in Shijiazhuang during the survey period from January 5 to February 8 in the past 6 years.Compared with before the epidemic,there was no significant change in the relative humidity during the epidemic period in 2021.The relative humidity in the same period in 2020 was 65.28%higher than before the epidemic(p<0.05).There were obvious differences in air quality during the two epidemic control periods in Shijiazhuang,but the meteorological factors did not show corresponding changes.The change in air quality may be related to the strictness of the epidemic control measures and the order of implementation.